Adaptations of  dual connectivity operation to ue capability

ABSTRACT

A user equipment (UE) is configured by a Master enhanced NodeB (MeNB) for operation with dual connectivity to a Secondary eNB (SeNB) to transmit acknowledgement information when the UE is power limited and for a respective eNB to determine a UE power limitation. The UE, the MeNB, and the SeNB adjust operation according to a partitioning of a UE capability between the MeNB and the SeNB. The UE capability can be a transmission power, a soft buffer size, a reception or a transmission of a number of data transport block bits, or a number of decoding operations.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION AND CLAIM OF PRIORITY

The present application is a continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional patentapplication Ser. No. 16/246,237 filed Jan. 11, 2019 and entitled“Adaptations of Dual Connectivity Operation to UE Capability,” which isa continuation of U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No.15/495,680 filed Apr. 24, 2017 and entitled “Adaptations of DualConnectivity Operation to UE Capability,” abandoned, which is acontinuation of U.S. Non-Provisional patent application Ser. No.14/595,827 filed Jan. 13, 2015 and entitled “Adaptations of DualConnectivity Operation to UE Capability,” now U.S. Pat. No. 9,635,621,and claims priority to U.S. Provisional patent Application No.61/928,900 filed Jan. 17, 2014 and entitled “Power Limited Operation inDual Connectivity,” U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/930,837filed Jan. 23, 2014 and entitled “Adaptation of a UE Capability forOperation with Dual Connectivity,” and U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 61/996,671 filed May 14, 2014 and entitled “PartitioningUE Capabilities for Dual Connectivity.” The contents of theabove-identified patent documents are incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present application relates generally to wireless communicationsand, more specifically, to downlink or uplink transmissions in dualconnectivity operation.

BACKGROUND

Wireless communication has been one of the most successful innovationsin modern history. Recently, the number of subscribers to wirelesscommunication services exceeded five billion and continues to growquickly. The demand of wireless data traffic is rapidly increasing dueto the growing popularity among consumers and businesses of smart phonesand other mobile data devices, such as tablets, “note pad” computers,net books, eBook readers, and machine type of devices. In order to meetthe high growth in mobile data traffic and support new applications anddeployments, improvements in radio interface efficiency and coverage isof paramount importance.

SUMMARY

This disclosure provides methods and apparatus to support transmissionsfrom a User Equipment (UE) in dual connectivity operation.

In a first embodiment, a method is provided. The method includesgenerating, by a User Equipment (UE), first acknowledgement informationin response to a reception of one or more first data transport blocks.The method additionally includes determining, by the UE, a first powerfor transmitting a first physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) in asubframe (SF) in a first cell from a first cell group according to arespective power control formula, a first power for transmitting a firstphysical uplink control channel (PUCCH) in the SF in a primary cell ofthe first cell group according to a respective power control formula,and a first available power for transmitting in the SF in the first cellgroup. The method also includes comparing, by the UE, the first powerfor transmitting the first PUSCH and the first available power or thefirst power for transmitting the PUCCH and the first available power.The method further includes transmitting, by the UE, the firstacknowledgement information either in the first PUSCH if the first powerfor transmitting the first PUSCH is smaller than or equal to the firstavailable power, or in the first PUCCH if the first power fortransmitting the first PUSCH is larger than the first available powerand the first power for transmitting the first PUCCH is smaller than orequal to the first available power.

In a second embodiment, a method is provided. The method includesreceiving, by a first base station, signaling informing of parametersfor communication between a User Equipment (UE) and a second basestation. The method additionally includes determining, by the first basestation, a first subframe (SF) set and a second SF set for the secondbase station based on the signaling. The method also includesscheduling, by the first base station, a transmission of one or moredata transport blocks to the UE or a transmission of one or more datatransport blocks from the UE in a SF according to whether the SFoverlaps with one or more SFs from the first SF set or with one or moreSFs from the second SF set.

In a third embodiment, a method is provided. The method includesreceiving, by a User Equipment (UE), data transport blocks from a firstbase station and from a second base station and signaling informing ofan adaptation of parameters for communication with the second basestation. The method additionally includes, adjusting, by the UE, apartitioning of the UE soft buffer for receptions of data transportblocks from the first base station and for receptions of data transportblocks from the second base station according to the adaptation of theparameters.

In a fourth embodiment, a User Equipment (UE) is provided. The UEincludes a receiver, a processor, a comparator, and a transmitter. Thereceiver is configured to receive first data transport blocks andgenerate respective first acknowledgement information. The processor isconfigured to compute a first power for transmitting a first physicaluplink shared channel (PUSCH) in a subframe (SF) in a first cell from afirst cell group according to a respective power control formula, afirst power for transmitting a first physical uplink control channel(PUCCH) in the SF in a primary cell of the first cell group according toa respective power control formula, and a first available power fortransmitting in the SF in the first cell group. The comparator isconfigured to determine if the first power for transmitting the firstPUSCH is smaller than or equal to the first available power, or if thefirst power for transmitting the first PUCCH is smaller than or equal tothe first available power. The transmitter is configured to transmit thefirst acknowledgement information in the first PUSCH if the first powerfor transmitting the first PUSCH is smaller than or equal to the firstavailable power, or in the first PUCCH if the first power fortransmitting the first PUSCH is larger than the first available powerand the first power for transmitting the first PUCCH is smaller than orequal to the first available power.

In a fifth embodiment, a base station is provided. The base stationincludes a receiver, a processor, and a scheduler. The receiver isconfigured to receive signaling informing of parameters forcommunication between a User Equipment (UE) and a second base station.The processor is configured to determine a first SF set and a second SFset for the second base station based on the signaling. The scheduler isconfigured to schedule a transmission of one or more data transportblocks to the UE or a transmission of one or more data transport blocksfrom the UE in a SF according to whether the SF overlaps with one ormore SFs from the first SF set or with one or more SFs from the secondSF set.

In a sixth embodiment, a User Equipment (UE) is provided. The UEincludes a receiver and a processor. The receiver is configured toreceive data transport blocks from a first base station and from asecond base station and signaling informing of an adaptation ofparameters for communication with the second base station. The processoris configured to adjust a partitioning of a soft buffer for receptionsof data transport blocks from the first base station and for receptionsof data transport blocks from the second base station according to theadaptation of the parameters.

Before undertaking the DETAILED DESCRIPTION below, it may beadvantageous to set forth definitions of certain words and phrases usedthroughout this patent document. The term “couple” and its derivativesrefer to any direct or indirect communication between two or moreelements, whether or not those elements are in physical contact with oneanother. The terms “transmit,” “receive,” and “communicate,” as well asderivatives thereof, encompass both direct and indirect communication.The terms “include” and “comprise,” as well as derivatives thereof, meaninclusion without limitation. The term “or” is inclusive, meaningand/or. The phrase “associated with,” as well as derivatives thereof,means to include, be included within, interconnect with, contain, becontained within, connect to or with, couple to or with, be communicablewith, cooperate with, interleave, juxtapose, be proximate to, be boundto or with, have, have a property of, have a relationship to or with, orthe like. The term “controller” means any device, system or part thereofthat controls at least one operation. Such a controller may beimplemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software and/orfirmware. The functionality associated with any particular controllermay be centralized or distributed, whether locally or remotely. Thephrase “at least one of,” when used with a list of items, means thatdifferent combinations of one or more of the listed items may be used,and only one item in the list may be needed. For example, “at least oneof: A, B, and C” includes any of the following combinations: A, B, C, Aand B, A and C, B and C, and A and B and C.

Moreover, various functions described below can be implemented orsupported by one or more computer programs, each of which is formed fromcomputer readable program code and embodied in a computer readablemedium. The terms “application” and “program” refer to one or morecomputer programs, software components, sets of instructions,procedures, functions, objects, classes, instances, related data, or aportion thereof adapted for implementation in a suitable computerreadable program code. The phrase “computer readable program code”includes any type of computer code, including source code, object code,and executable code. The phrase “computer readable medium” includes anytype of medium capable of being accessed by a computer, such as readonly memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), a hard disk drive, acompact disc (CD), a digital video disc (DVD), or any other type ofmemory. A “non-transitory” computer readable medium excludes wired,wireless, optical, or other communication links that transporttransitory electrical or other signals. A non-transitory computerreadable medium includes media where data can be permanently stored andmedia where data can be stored and later overwritten, such as arewritable optical disc or an erasable memory device.

Definitions for other certain words and phrases are provided throughoutthis disclosure. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understandthat in many if not most instances such definitions apply to prior aswell as future uses of such defined words and phrases.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and itsadvantages, reference is now made to the following description taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like referencenumerals represent like parts:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless communication network accordingto this disclosure;

FIG. 2 illustrates an example user equipment (UE) according to thisdisclosure;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example enhanced NodeB (eNB) according to thisdisclosure;

FIG. 4 illustrates an example UL SF structure for PUSCH transmissionaccording to this disclosure;

FIG. 5 illustrates an example PUSCH transmitter according to thisdisclosure;

FIG. 6 illustrates an example PUSCH receiver according to thisdisclosure;

FIG. 7 illustrates an example transmitter for HARQ-ACK signaling in aPUCCH according to this disclosure;

FIG. 8 illustrates an example receiver for HARQ-ACK signaling in a PUCCHaccording to this disclosure;

FIG. 9 illustrates an example communication system using dualconnectivity according to this disclosure;

FIG. 10 illustrates a process for a UE to transmit first HARQ-ACKinformation to a first eNB and transmit second HARQ-ACK information in aPUSCH or in a second PUCCH to a second eNB according to this disclosure;

FIG. 11 illustrates a method for an eNB to determine whether a receivedPUSCH was transmitted with reduced power depending on a measuredreceived power and an expected received power in one or more PUSCH SFsymbols according to this disclosure;

FIG. 12 illustrates a method for an eNB to determine whether a receivedPUSCH was transmitted with reduced power depending on power measurementsfor a DMRS reception according to a first CS and OCC value and accordingto a second CS and OCC value according to this disclosure;

FIG. 13 illustrates a method for a UE to transmit a predeterminedcodeword that replaces actual HARQ-ACK information in a PUSCH when theUE transmits the PUSCH with a reduced power compared to a nominal poweraccording to this disclosure;

FIG. 14 illustrates a process for a UE configured with DC to determine anumber of PDCCH candidates to decode in a UE-DSS of a MeNB and in aUE-DSS of a SeNB according to this disclosure;

FIG. 15 illustrates a PDCCH decoding process for a UE according to a SFtype according to this disclosure;

FIG. 16 illustrates a process for a UE to relay information to a MeNBfor a cell-specific or UE-specific adaptation of a configuration in oneor more cells of a SeNB according to this disclosure;

FIG. 17 illustrates a process for a UE to inform a MeNB of an adaptationof a cell-specific configuration in one or more cells of a SeNBaccording to this disclosure;

FIG. 18 illustrates a scheduling of a PUSCH transmission from a UE by afirst eNB in a SF depending on knowledge by the first eNB of acommunication direction in the SF in a cell of a second eNB according tothis disclosure;

FIG. 19 illustrates an adjustment of a processing capability per activecell for a UE depending on a variation of a number of active cells in aneNB according to this disclosure;

FIG. 20 illustrates a procedure for a MeNB scheduler to determine anumber of DL-SCH TB bits for a UE to receive or a number of UL-SCH bitsfor a UE to transmit in cells of the MeNB based on a nominal UL/DLconfiguration or based on a DL-reference configuration if the UE isconfigured in a TDD cell of a SeNB for operation with an adapted UL/DLconfiguration according to this disclosure;

FIG. 21 illustrates a procedure for a MeNB scheduler to determine anumber of DL-SCH TB bits to transmit to a UE in cells of the MeNB basedon a first SF set and on a second SF set configured for CSI measurementto the UE in a SeNB according to this disclosure;

FIG. 22 illustrates a procedure for a MeNB, a SeNB, and a UE to decidethe UE soft buffer partitioning between the MeNB and the SeNB accordingto this disclosure; and

FIG. 23 illustrates a method for a MeNB to allocate to a UE and to aSeNB a first minimum available power and a second minimum availablepower for transmissions to SeNB in a first SF set and in a second SFset, respectively, according to this disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIGS. 1 through 23, discussed below, and the various embodiments used todescribe the principles of the present disclosure in this patentdocument are by way of illustration only and should not be construed inany way to limit the scope of the disclosure. Those skilled in the artwill understand that the principles of the present disclosure may beimplemented in any suitably arranged wireless communication system.

The following documents and standards descriptions are herebyincorporated into the present disclosure as if fully set forth herein:3GPP TS 36.211 v11.2.0, “E-UTRA, Physical channels and modulation” (REF1); 3GPP TS 36.212 v11.2.0, “E-UTRA, Multiplexing and Channel coding”(REF 2); 3GPP TS 36.213 v11.2.0, “E-UTRA, Physical Layer Procedures”(REF 3); 3GPP TS 36.321 v11.2.0, “E-UTRA, Medium Access Control (MAC)protocol specification” (REF 4); 3GPP TS 36.331 v11.2.0, “E-UTRA, RadioResource Control (RRC) Protocol Specification” (REF 5); 3GPP TS 36.214 v11.2.0, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); PhysicalLayer Measurements” (REF 6), 3GPP TS 36.306 v 11.2.0, “Evolved UniversalTerrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) Radio AccessCapabilities” (REF 7), 3GPP TS 36.304 v 11.2.0, “Evolved UniversalTerrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment (UE) procedures inidle mode” (REF 8), and US Patent Publication 2014/0192738, filed onJan. 8, 2014 and entitled “UPLINK CONTROL INFORMATIONTRANSMISSIONS/RECEPTIONS IN WIRELESS NETWORKS” (REF 9).

One or more embodiments of the present disclosure relate to downlink anduplink transmissions in dual connectivity operation. A wirelesscommunication network includes a DownLink (DL) that conveys signals fromtransmission points, such as base stations or enhanced NodeBs (eNBs), toUEs. The wireless communication network also includes an UpLink (UL)that conveys signals from UEs to reception points, such as eNBs.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network 100 according to thisdisclosure. The embodiment of the wireless network 100 shown in FIG. 1is for illustration only. Other embodiments of the wireless network 100could be used without departing from the scope of this disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 1, the wireless network 100 includes an eNB 101, an eNB102, and an eNB 103. The eNB 101 communicates with the eNB 102 and theeNB 103. The eNB 101 also communicates with at least one InternetProtocol (IP) network 130, such as the Internet, a proprietary IPnetwork, or other data network.

Depending on the network type, other well-known terms may be usedinstead of “eNodeB” or “eNB,” such as “base station” or “access point.”For the sake of convenience, the terms “eNodeB” and “eNB” are used inthis patent document to refer to network infrastructure components thatprovide wireless access to remote terminals. Also, depending on thenetwork type, other well-known terms may be used instead of “userequipment” or “UE,” such as “mobile station,” “subscriber station,”“remote terminal,” “wireless terminal,” or “user device.” A UE, may befixed or mobile and may be a cellular phone, a personal computer device,and the like. For the sake of convenience, the terms “user equipment”and “UE” are used in this patent document to refer to remote wirelessequipment that wirelessly accesses an eNB, whether the UE is a mobiledevice (such as a mobile telephone or smart-phone) or is normallyconsidered a stationary device (such as a desktop computer or vendingmachine).

The eNB 102 provides wireless broadband access to the network 130 for afirst plurality of UEs within a coverage area 120 of the eNB 102. Thefirst plurality of UEs includes a UE 111, which may be located in asmall business (SB); a UE 112, which may be located in an enterprise(E); a UE 113, which may be located in a WiFi hotspot (HS); a UE 115,which may be located in a first residence (R); a UE 116, which may belocated in a second residence (R); and a UE 116, which may be a mobiledevice (M) like a cell phone, a wireless laptop, a wireless PDA, or thelike. The eNB 103 provides wireless broadband access to the network 130for a second plurality of UEs within a coverage area 125 of the eNB 103.The second plurality of UEs includes the UE 115 and the UE 116. In someembodiments, one or more of the eNBs 101-103 may communicate with eachother and with the UEs 111-116 using 5G, LTE, LTE-A, WiMAX, or otheradvanced wireless communication techniques.

Dotted lines show the approximate extents of the coverage areas 120 and125, which are shown as approximately circular for the purposes ofillustration and explanation only. It should be clearly understood thatthe coverage areas associated with eNBs, such as the coverage areas 120and 125, may have other shapes, including irregular shapes, dependingupon the configuration of the eNBs and variations in the radioenvironment associated with natural and man-made obstructions.

As described in more detail below, various components of the network 100(such as the eNBs 101-103 and/or the UEs 111-116) support the adaptationof communication direction in the network 100. That is, one or more ofthe eNBs 101-103 can provide support for DL or UL transmissions in dualconnectivity operation.

Although FIG. 1 illustrates one example of a wireless network 100,various changes may be made to FIG. 1. For example, the wireless network100 could include any number of eNBs and any number of UEs in anysuitable arrangement. Also, the eNB 101 could communicate directly withany number of UEs and provide those UEs with wireless broadband accessto the network 130. Similarly, each eNB 102-103 could communicatedirectly between them or with the network 130 and provide UEs withdirect wireless broadband access to the network 130. Further, the eNB101, 102, and/or 103 could provide access to other or additionalexternal networks, such as external telephone networks or other types ofdata networks.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example UE 116 according to this disclosure. Theembodiment of the UE 116 shown in FIG. 2 is for illustration only, andthe other UEs in FIG. 1 could have the same or similar configuration.However, UEs come in a wide variety of configurations, and FIG. 2 doesnot limit the scope of this disclosure to any particular implementationof a UE.

As shown in FIG. 2, the UE 116 includes an antenna 205, a radiofrequency (RF) transceiver 210, transmit (TX) processing circuitry 215,a microphone 220, and receive (RX) processing circuitry 225. The UE 116also includes a speaker 230, a main processor 240, an input/output (I/O)interface (IF) 245, a keypad 250, a display 255, and a memory 260. Thememory 260 includes a basic operating system (OS) program 261 and one ormore applications 262.

The RF transceiver 210 receives, from the antenna 205, an incoming RFsignal transmitted by an eNB or another UE. The RF transceiver 210down-converts the incoming RF signal to generate an intermediatefrequency (IF) or baseband signal. The IF or baseband signal is sent tothe RX processing circuitry 225, which generates a processed basebandsignal by filtering, decoding, and/or digitizing the baseband or IFsignal. The RX processing circuitry 225 transmits the processed basebandsignal to the speaker 230 (such as for voice data) or to the mainprocessor 240 for further processing (such as for web browsing data).

The TX processing circuitry 215 receives analog or digital voice datafrom the microphone 220 or other outgoing baseband data (such as webdata, e-mail, or interactive video game data) from the main processor240. The TX processing circuitry 215 encodes, multiplexes, and/ordigitizes the outgoing baseband data to generate a processed baseband orIF signal. The RF transceiver 210 receives the outgoing processedbaseband or IF signal from the TX processing circuitry 215 andup-converts the baseband or IF signal to an RF signal that istransmitted via the antenna 205.

The main processor 240 can include one or more processors or otherprocessing devices and can execute the basic OS program 261 stored inthe memory 260 in order to control the overall operation of the UE 116.For example, the main processor 240 could control the reception offorward channel signals and the transmission of reverse channel signalsby the RF transceiver 210, the RX processing circuitry 225, and the TXprocessing circuitry 215 in accordance with well-known principles. Insome embodiments, the main processor 240 includes at least onemicroprocessor or microcontroller.

The main processor 240 is also capable of executing other processes andprograms resident in the memory 260 such as operations for a dualconnectivity operation including: adjusting a partitioning of a softbuffer for receptions of data transport blocks from a first base stationand for receptions of data transport blocks from a second base stationaccording to the adaptation of the parameters; and computing a firstpower for transmitting a first physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) ina subframe (SF) in a first cell from a first cell group according to arespective power control formula, a first power for transmitting a firstphysical uplink control channel (PUCCH) in the SF in a primary cell ofthe first cell group according to a respective power control formula,and a first available power for transmitting in the SF in the first cellgroup. In certain embodiments, the UE 116 includes a schedulerconfigured to schedule a transmission of one or more data transportblocks to the UE or a transmission of one or more data transport blocksfrom the UE in a SF according to whether the SF overlaps with one ormore SFs from the first SF set or with one or more SFs from the secondSF set. In certain embodiments, the UE includes a comparator configuredto determine if the first power for transmitting the first PUSCH issmaller than or equal to the first available power, or if the firstpower for transmitting the first PUCCH is smaller than or equal to thefirst available power. The main processor 240 can move data into or outof the memory 260 as required by an executing process. In someembodiments, the main processor 240 is configured to execute theapplications 262 based on the OS program 261 or in response to signalsreceived from eNBs, other UEs, or an operator. The main processor 240 isalso coupled to the I/O interface 245, which provides the UE 116 withthe ability to connect to other devices such as laptop computers andhandheld computers. The I/O interface 245 is the communication pathbetween these accessories and the main processor 240.

The main processor 240 is also coupled to the keypad 250 and the displayunit 255. The operator of the UE 116 can use the keypad 250 to enterdata into the UE 116. The display 255 may be a liquid crystal display orother display capable of rendering text and/or at least limitedgraphics, such as from web sites. The display 255 could also represent atouch-screen.

The memory 260 is coupled to the main processor 240. Part of the memory260 could include a control or data signaling memory (RAM), and anotherpart of the memory 260 could include a Flash memory or other read-onlymemory (ROM).

As described in more detail below, the transmit and receive paths of theUE 116 (implemented using the RF transceiver 210, TX processingcircuitry 215, and/or RX processing circuitry 225) support DL or ULtransmissions in dual connectivity operation.

Although FIG. 2 illustrates one example of UE 116, various changes maybe made to FIG. 2. For example, various components in FIG. 2 could becombined, further subdivided, or omitted and additional components couldbe added according to particular needs. As a particular example, themain processor 240 could be divided into multiple processors, such asone or more central processing units (CPUs) and one or more graphicsprocessing units (GPUs). Also, while FIG. 2 illustrates the UE 116configured as a mobile telephone or smart-phone, UEs could be configuredto operate as other types of mobile or stationary devices. In addition,various components in FIG. 2 could be replicated, such as when differentRF components are used to communicate with the eNBs 101-103 and withother UEs.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example eNB 102 according to this disclosure. Theembodiment of the eNB 102 shown in FIG. 3 is for illustration only, andother eNBs of FIG. 1 could have the same or similar configuration.However, eNBs come in a wide variety of configurations, and FIG. 3 doesnot limit the scope of this disclosure to any particular implementationof an eNB.

As shown in FIG. 3, the eNB 102 includes multiple antennas 305 a-305 n,multiple RF transceivers 310 a-310 n, transmit (TX) processing circuitry315, and receive (RX) processing circuitry 320. The eNB 102 alsoincludes a controller/processor 325, a memory 330, and a backhaul ornetwork interface 335.

The RF transceivers 310 a-310 n receive, from the antennas 305 a-305 n,incoming RF signals, such as signals transmitted by UEs or other eNBs.The RF transceivers 310 a-310 n down-convert the incoming RF signals togenerate IF or baseband signals. The IF or baseband signals are sent tothe RX processing circuitry 320, which generates processed basebandsignals by filtering, decoding, and/or digitizing the baseband or IFsignals. The RX processing circuitry 320 transmits the processedbaseband signals to the controller/processor 325 for further processing.

The TX processing circuitry 315 receives analog or digital data (such asvoice data, web data, e-mail, or interactive video game data) from thecontroller/processor 325. The TX processing circuitry 315 encodes,multiplexes, and/or digitizes the outgoing baseband data to generateprocessed baseband or IF signals. The RF transceivers 310 a-310 nreceive the outgoing processed baseband or IF signals from the TXprocessing circuitry 315 and up-converts the baseband or IF signals toRF signals that are transmitted via the antennas 305 a-305 n.

The controller/processor 325 can include one or more processors or otherprocessing devices that control the overall operation of the eNB 102.For example, the controller/processor 325 could control the reception offorward channel signals and the transmission of reverse channel signalsby the RF transceivers 310 a-310 n, the RX processing circuitry 320, andthe TX processing circuitry 315 in accordance with well-knownprinciples. The controller/processor 325 could support additionalfunctions as well, such as more advanced wireless communicationfunctions. For instance, the controller/processor 325 could support beamforming or directional routing operations in which outgoing signals frommultiple antennas 305 a-305 n are weighted differently to effectivelysteer the outgoing signals in a desired direction. Any of a wide varietyof other functions could be supported in the eNB 102 by thecontroller/processor 325. In some embodiments, the controller/processor325 includes at least one microprocessor or microcontroller.

The controller/processor 325 is also capable of executing programs andother processes resident in the memory 330, such as a basic OS and foroperations for supporting a dual connectivity operation includingdetermining a first SF set and a second SF set for a second base stationbased on the signaling. In certain embodiments, the base stationincludes a scheduler configured to schedule a transmission of one ormore data transport blocks to the UE or a transmission of one or moredata transport blocks from the UE in a SF according to whether the SFoverlaps with one or more SFs from the first SF set or with one or moreSFs from the second SF set. The controller/processor 325 can move datainto or out of the memory 330 as required by an executing process.

The controller/processor 325 is also coupled to the backhaul or networkinterface 335. The backhaul or network interface 335 allows the eNB 102to communicate with other devices or systems over a backhaul connectionor over a network. The interface 335 could support communications overany suitable wired or wireless connection(s). For example, when the eNB102 is implemented as part of a cellular communication system (such asone supporting 5G, LTE, or LTE-A), the interface 335 could allow the eNB102 to communicate with other eNBs, such as eNB 103, over a wired orwireless backhaul connection. When the eNB 102 is implemented as anaccess point, the interface 335 could allow the eNB 102 to communicateover a wired or wireless local area network or over a wired or wirelessconnection to a larger network (such as the Internet). The interface 335includes any suitable structure supporting communications over a wiredor wireless connection, such as an Ethernet or RF transceiver.

The memory 330 is coupled to the controller/processor 325. Part of thememory 330 could include a RAM, and another part of the memory 330 couldinclude a Flash memory or other ROM.

As described in more detail below, the transmit and receive paths of theeNB 102 (implemented using the RF transceivers 310 a-310 n, TXprocessing circuitry 315, and/or RX processing circuitry 320) support DLor UL transmissions in dual connectivity operation.

Although FIG. 3 illustrates one example of an eNB 102, various changesmay be made to FIG. 3. For example, the eNB 102 could include any numberof each component shown in FIG. 3. As a particular example, an accesspoint could include a number of interfaces 335, and thecontroller/processor 325 could support routing functions to route databetween different network addresses. As another particular example,while shown as including a single instance of TX processing circuitry315 and a single instance of RX processing circuitry 320, the eNB 102could include multiple instances of each (such as one per RFtransceiver).

In some wireless networks UL signals include data signals conveyinginformation content, control signals conveying UL Control Information(UCI), and Reference Signals (RS). A transmission time unit for UL or DLdata or control information is a Sub-Frame (SF). A number of 10 SFs isreferred to as a frame. UE 116 can transmit data information or UCI in aPhysical UL Shared CHannel (PUSCH). UE 116 can also transmit UCI in aPhysical UL Control CHannel (PUCCH). UCI includes Hybrid AutomaticRepeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK) information, indicatingcorrect (positive ACK) or incorrect (Negative ACK (NACK)) detection byUE 116 of data Transport Blocks (TBs) for a respective DL HARQ processor of a DCI format indicating a release of a Semi-Persistently Scheduled(SPS) PDSCH, Scheduling Request (SR) indicating whether UE 116 has datain its buffer, and Channel State Information (CSI) indicating DL channelcharacteristics that UE 116 experiences and enabling eNB 102 to selectappropriate parameters for link adaptation of DL transmissions to UE116. HARQ-ACK information can also include an indication for an absenceof any detection (DTX) that can be implicit, if there is no HARQ-ACKsignal transmission, or explicit if missed detections can be identifiedby other means (see also REF 2). NACK and DTX can be represented with asame NACK/DTX state (see also REF 3).

UL RS includes DeModulation RS (DMRS) and Sounding RS (SRS)—see alsoREF 1. UE 116 transmits DMRS only in a BandWidth (BW) of an associatedPUSCH or PUCCH transmission and eNB 102 can use the DMRS to demodulateinformation in the associated PUSCH or PUCCH. UE 116 transmits SRS toprovide eNB 102 with an UL CSI. UE 116 can transmit a DMRS through aConstant Amplitude Zero Auto-Correlation sequence such as a Zadoff-Chusequence. For a PUSCH transmission, UE 116 is signaled a Cyclic Shift(CS) and an Orthogonal Covering Code (OCC) index to apply to a DMRStransmission through a “CS and OCC” field in a DCI format scheduling thePUSCH transmission (see also REF 1 and REF 2). For SPS PUSCH, a CS andOCC value is configured to UE 116 by eNB 102. The “CS and OCC” field caninclude, for example, by 3 binary elements and have 8 values.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example UL SF structure for PUSCH transmissionaccording to this disclosure. The embodiment of the UL SF structureshown in FIG. 4 is for illustration only. Other embodiments could beused without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

UL signaling uses Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM).An UL SF 410 includes two slots. Each slot 420 includes N^(UL) _(symb)symbols 430 where UE 116 transmits data information, UCI, or RS. UE 116uses one or more symbols in each slot to transmit DMRS 440. Atransmission BW includes frequency resource units that are referred toas Resource Blocks (RBs). Each RB includes N_(sc) ^(RB) (virtual)sub-carriers that are referred to as Resource Elements (REs). UE 116 isassigned M_(PUSCH) RBs 450 for a total of M_(sc)^(PUSCH)=M_(PUSCH)·N_(sc) ^(RB) REs for a PUSCH transmission BW. UE 116is assigned 1 RB for a PUCCH transmission BW. A transmission unit of 1RB over 1 SF is referred to as a Physical RB (PRB). A last SF symbol canbe used to multiplex SRS transmissions 460 from one or more UEs. Anumber of UL SF symbols available for data/UCI/DMRS transmission isN_(symb) ^(PUSCH)=2·(N_(symb) ^(UL)−1)−N_(SRS)·N_(SRS)=1 if a last ULsymbol supports SRS transmissions from UEs that overlap at leastpartially in BW with a PUSCH transmission BW; otherwise, N_(SRS)=0.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example PUSCH transmitter according to thisdisclosure. The embodiment of the PUSCH transmitter shown in FIG. 5 isfor illustration only. Other embodiments could be used without departingfrom the scope of the present disclosure.

Coded CSI bits 505 and coded data bits 510 are multiplexed bymultiplexing unit 520. Multiplexing of HARQ-ACK bits is by puncturingdata bits or CSI bits (if any) 530 in some REs of the two SF symbolsnext to the SF symbol used to transmit DMRS in each slot (see also REF2). Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) filter 540 provides a DFT ofcombined data bits and UCI bits, selector 555 selects REs for anassigned PUSCH transmission BW 550, Inverse Fast Fourier Transform(IFFT) filter 560 provides IFFT, Cyclic Prefix (CP) insertion unit 570inserts a CP insertion, followed by filtering 580, and finally a signaltransmission 590.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example PUSCH receiver according to thisdisclosure. The embodiment of the PUSCH receiver shown in FIG. 6 is forillustration only. Other embodiments could be used without departingfrom the scope of the present disclosure.

A digital signal 610 is filtered by filter 620, CP removal unit 630removes a CP, FFT filter 640 applies a FFT, selector 655 selects PUSCHREs 650, Inverse DFT (IDFT) filter 600 applies an IDFT, HARQ-ACKextraction unit 670 extracts HARQ-ACK bits and places respectiveerasures for data bits, and finally demultipexing unit 680 demultiplexesdata bits 690 and CSI bits 695.

Several methods exist for UE 116 to convey HARQ-ACK information, inresponse to reception of data TBs in one or more DL SFs or in one ormore cells, including HARQ-ACK spatial or time domain bundling, or both,HARQ-ACK multiplexing based on PUCCH resource selection, and jointcoding of HARQ-ACK information bits using, for example, a block codesuch as a Reed-Mueller (RM) code (see also REF 2 and REF 3). Forbrevity, HARQ-ACK information in response to a release of SPS PDSCH isnot explicitly referred in the following.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example transmitter for HARQ-ACK signaling in aPUCCH according to this disclosure. The embodiment of the transmitterfor HARQ-ACK signaling in a PUCCH shown in FIG. 7 is for illustrationonly. Other embodiments could be used without departing from the scopeof the present disclosure.

HARQ-ACK bits 705 are encoded and modulated by encoding and modulationunit 710 and then multiplied by multiplier 720 with an element of an OCC725 for a respective DFT-S-OFDM symbol. After DFT precoding by DFTfilter 730, selector 750 selects REs of an assigned PUCCH RB 740, IFFTfilter 760 performs an IFFT, CP insertion unit inserts a CP 770, andfinally the signal is filtered by filter 780 and transmitted by antennas790.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example receiver for HARQ-ACK signaling in a PUCCHaccording to this disclosure. The embodiment of the receiver forHARQ-ACK signaling in a PUCCH shown in FIG. 8 is for illustration only.Other embodiments could be used without departing from the scope of thepresent disclosure.

A received signal 810 is filtered by filter 820 and a CP is removed byCP unit 830. Subsequently, a FFT is applied by filter 840, REs 850 of anassigned PUCCH RB are selected by selector 855, IDFT filter 860 performsan IDFT, multiplier 870 multiplies an OCC element 575 with a respectiveDFT-S-OFDM symbol, summer 880 sums outputs for DFT-S-OFDM symbolsconveying HARQ-ACK signals over each slot, and a demodulator and decoderunit demodulates and decodes summed HARQ-ACK signals over both SF slots890 to obtain decoded HARQ-ACK bits 895.

UE 116 measures and reports to eNB 102 signal strengths of serving cellsand non-serving cells in order to assist a network in cellselection/reselection and handover. Such measurements include a RSReceived Power (RSRP), a RS Received Quality (RSRQ) (see also REF 6),and are typically triggered by eNB 102 through an RRC message to UE 116.For brevity, measurement reports are referred to as RSRP reports and isassumed understood that they also include measurements other than RSRP.UE 116 can be configured by eNB 102 with measurement gap SFs where UE116 does not receive from or transmit to eNB 102 but instead performsmeasurements such as RSRP ones for other eNBs.

A power of an UL transmission by UE 116 is controlled by eNB 102 toachieve a desired target for a received Signal to Interference and NoiseRatio (SINR) while reducing interference to neighboring cells andcontrolling Interference over Thermal (IoT) noise thereby ensuringrespective reception reliability targets. UL Power Control (PC) caninclude an Open-Loop (OL) component with cell-specific and UE-specificparameters and a Closed-Loop (CL) component associated with TransmissionPower Control (TPC) commands that eNB 102 provides to UE 116. In SF i, aPUSCH transmission power P_(PUSCH,c)(i), a PUCCH transmission powerP_(PUCCH)(i), a SRS transmission power P_(SRS)(i), and a PRACHtransmission power P_(PRACH)(i) are determined according to respectiveUL PC processes (see also REF 3). A transmission power determinedaccording to an UL PC process will be referred to as nominaltransmission power. To conserve battery power, UE 116 can be configuredby eNB 102 with a Discontinuous Reception (DRX) cycle that can beexpressed in a number of frames (see also REF 8). DRX parameters includeboth a UE-specific DRX cycle (informed to UE 116 by network accessstratum signaling) and a cell-specific DRX cycle (informed to UE 116 bybroadcast signaling) as well as a number of paging occasions per DRXcycle (see also REF 4).

UE 116 can indicate to eNB 102 an amount of available power through aPower Headroom Report (PHR)—see also REF 3. A PHR can be of Type 1 orType 2 and can be with respect to a PUSCH transmission, if UE 116 doesnot transmit PUSCH and PUCCH in a same SF, or with respect to both PUSCHand PUCCH transmissions if UE 116 transmits both PUSCH and PUCCH in asame SF (see also REF 3). A positive PHR value indicates that UE 116 canincrease a transmission power while a negative PHR value indicates thatUE 116 is power limited. PHR is included in a Medium Access Control(MAC) control element that UE 116 transmits in a PUSCH (see also REF 4).

DL signals include data signals conveying information content, controlsignals conveying DL Control Information (DCI), and RS. An eNB, such aseNB 102, transmits DL signals using Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexing (OFDM). The eNB 102 can transmit data information throughPhysical DL Shared CHannels (PDSCHs). The eNB 102 can transmit DCIthrough Physical DL Control CHannels (PDCCHs) or through Enhanced PDCCHs(EPDCCHs)—see also REF 1. For brevity, following descriptions are withreference to PDCCH but, unless explicitly otherwise mentioned, they arealso applicable to EPDCCH. The eNB 102 can transmit one or more ofmultiple types of RS, including a UE-Common RS (CRS), a Channel StateInformation RS (CSI-RS), and a DeModulation RS (DMRS)—see also REF 1.The eNB 102 can transmit the CRS over a DL system BW. The UE 116 can usethe CRS to demodulate data or control signals or to performmeasurements. To reduce CRS overhead, eNB 102 can transmit the CSI-RSwith a smaller density than the CRS in the time or frequency domain. Forchannel measurement, Non-Zero Power CSI-RS (NZP CSI-RS) resources can beused. For Interference Measurements (IMs), CSI-IM resources areassociated with a Zero Power CSI-RS (ZP CSI-RS). The eNB 102 transmitsDMRS only in a BW of a respective PDSCH. The UE 116 can use the DMRS todemodulate information in a PDSCH (or EPDCCH). The RS is associated witha logical antenna port that is mapped to a physical antenna in animplementation specific manner (see also REF 1).

UE 116 stores in a buffer the “soft” values for Log-Likelihood Ratios(LLRs) used for turbo decoding of a data TB associated with each DL HARQprocess. Therefore, a soft buffer represents a total memory for UE 116for decoding data TBs for all DL HARQ processes. The soft buffer is a UEcapability as it depends on a maximum data TB size and on a number ofdata TBs that UE 116 can receive in a SF times a number of DL HARQprocesses such as 8 DL HARQ processes (see also REF 2 and REF 3).

A PDSCH transmission to UE 116 or a PUSCH transmission from UE 116 canbe either dynamically scheduled or SPS. Dynamic scheduling is triggeredby a DCI format conveyed by a PDCCH. SPS PDSCH (or SPS PUSCH)transmission parameters are configured to UE 116 from eNB 102 throughhigher layer signaling such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.In all remaining descriptions, unless explicitly noted otherwise, aparameter is configured to a UE by higher layer signaling that includesRRC signaling or MAC signaling while a parameter is dynamicallyindicated to a UE by a DCI format.

To avoid a PDCCH transmission to UE 116 blocking a PDCCH transmission toanother UE, a location of each PDCCH transmission in a time-frequencydomain of a DL control region is not unique. As a consequence, UE 116needs to perform multiple PDCCH decoding operations in a SF to determinewhether eNB 102 transmits one or more PDCCHs to UE 116 in the SF. REscarrying a PDCCH are grouped into Control Channel Elements (CCEs) in thelogical domain (see also REF 1). REs carrying an EPDCCH are grouped intoEnhanced CCEs (ECCEs). For a given number of DCI format bits, a numberof CCEs used to transmit a respective PDCCH depends on a channel codingrate where Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is assumed as themodulation scheme. The eNB 102 can use a lower channel coding rate andmore CCEs for a PDCCH transmission when UE 116 experiences low DLSignal-to-Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) than when UE 116experiences a high DL SINR.

For a PDCCH decoding process, UE 116 can determine a search space forcandidate PDCCH transmissions after it restores CCEs in the logicaldomain according to a UE-common set of CCEs (Common Search Space or CSS)and according to a UE-dedicated set of CCEs (UE-Dedicated Search Spaceor UE-DSS). A CSS can include first N_(c) CCEs in the logical domain. AUE-DSS can be determined according to a pseudo-random function having,as inputs, UE-common parameters, such as a SF number or a total numberof CCEs in a SF, and UE-specific parameters such as a UE identity (seealso REF 3). For example, UE 116 can decode 12 PDCCH candidates on a CSSand 32 or 48 PDCCH candidates on UE-DSS (see also REF 3). These numbersof PDCCH candidates are subsequently referred to as nominal ones.

UE 116 decodes a DCI format 1A for PDSCH scheduling and a DCI format 0for PUSCH scheduling (see also REF 2). DCI format 0 and DCI format 1Aare designed to always have a same size and can be jointly referred toas DCI format 0/1A. Another DCI format, DCI format 1C, can schedule aPDSCH providing System Information Blocks (SIBs) to a group of UEs fornetwork configuration parameters, or a Random Access Response (RAR) to agroup of UEs, or paging information to a group of UEs, or provideinformation for an adaptation of an UL/DL configuration in a TDD cell,and so on. Another DCI format, DCI format 3 or DCI format 3A (jointlyreferred to as DCI format 3/3A) can provide TPC commands to a group ofUEs for transmissions of respective PUSCHs or PUCCHs. All previous DCIformats, with the exception of DCI format 0/1A, are transmitted only ina CSS as they provide control information for a group of UEs (see alsoREF 2 and REF 3).

One mechanism towards satisfying a demand for increased network capacityand data rates is network densification. This is realized by deployingsmall cells in order to increase a number of network nodes and theirproximity to UEs and provide cell splitting gains. As a number of smallcells increases and deployments of small cells become dense, a handoverfrequency and a handover failure rate can also significantly increase. AUE connection with multiple cells, such as for example when the UEmaintains its RRC connection to a macro cell that provides a largecoverage area while having a simultaneous connection to a small cell fordata offloading, can avoid frequent handovers while allowing for highdata rates. By maintaining the RRC connection to the macro-cell,communication with the small cell can be optimized as control-place(C-place) functionalities such as mobility management, paging, andsystem information updates can be provided only by the macro-cell whilea small-cell can be dedicated for user-data plane (U-plane)communications.

An increase in data rates for UE 116 can be supported with simultaneoustransmissions over multiple cells using Carrier Aggregation (CA). Forexample, two carriers with BW of 20 MHz, each corresponding to a cell,can be aggregated for UE 116 to provide communication over a BW of 40MHz. UE 116 can support both DL and UL transmissions in each cell(symmetric CA) or support only DL transmissions or only UL transmissionsin a cell (asymmetric CA). For example, eNB 102 can configure a set of Ccells to UE 116 and activate a subset of A cells (A≤C) for PDSCHreception in a SF. In order for UE 116 to always maintain communicationwith eNB 102, one cell with a DL/UL pair remains always activated and itis referred to as the Primary Cell (PCell). Cells that can bedeactivated for UE 116 are referred to as Secondary Cells (SCells) forUE 116. The PCell can be a cell where UE 116 decodes DCI formats for aCSS and transmits PUCCH (see also REF 3).

For operation with UL CA, UE 116 can transmit, in a same SF, PUSCH tomultiple cells and PUCCH to a PCell and possibly to a SCell that isreferred to as Primary SCell (PSCell). If a total nominal transmissionpower from UE 116 in SF i is larger than a maximum transmission powerP_(CMAX) (i) in SF i, UE 116 first allocates a transmission power toPUCCH, if any. Subsequently, denoting by {circumflex over (P)} thelinear value of P, if {circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i)−{circumflex over(P)}_(PUCCH)(i)>0 and for PUSCH in a cell j that conveys UCI, if any, UE116 allocates a power P_(PUSCH,j)(i). Finally, if {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i)−{circumflex over (P)}_(PUCCH)(i)−{circumflex over(P)}_(PUSCH,j)(i)>0, UE 116 scales a nominal transmission power of eachremaining PUSCH by a same factor w(i) so that

${\underset{c \neq j}{\Sigma}{{w(i)} \cdot {{\hat{P}}_{{PUSCH},c}(i)}}} \leq {\left( {{{\hat{P}}_{CMAX}(i)} - {{\hat{P}}_{PUCCH}(i)} - {{\hat{P}}_{{PUSCH},j}(i)}} \right).}$

UE 116 can scale some PUSCH transmissions with a factor of 0.

An important aspect for a connection of UE 116 over multiple cells is alatency of a backhaul link between eNB 102 of a first cell, such as amacro-cell, and eNB 103 of a second cell, such as a small-cell. If thelatency of the backhaul link is practically zero, CA can be used andscheduling decisions can be made by a central scheduler and conveyed toeach network node. Moreover, feedback from UE 116 can be received at anynetwork node and conveyed to the central entity to facilitate a properscheduling decision for UE 116. However, if the latency of the backhaullink is not zero, it is not feasible to use a central scheduler as thelatency of the backhaul link will accumulate each time there iscommunication between a network node and the central scheduler therebyintroducing unacceptable delay. Then, it is necessary that schedulingdecisions are performed at each network node. Also, feedback signalingfrom UE 116 associated with scheduling from a network node needs to bereceived by the same network node. This type of operation is referred toas Dual Connectivity (DC).

FIG. 9 illustrates an example communication system using DC according tothis disclosure. The embodiment of DC shown in FIG. 9 is forillustration only. Other embodiments could be used without departingfrom the scope of the present disclosure.

UE 114 communicates in single connectivity with an eNB of a macro-cell,which can be eNB 102 or similarly configured, that is referred to asMaster eNB (MeNB) 920, over a first carrier frequency f1 930. UE 116communicates in DC both with MeNB 920 over carrier frequency f1 930 andwith an eNB of a small cell, which can be eNB 103 or similarlyconfigured, that is referred to as Secondary eNB (SeNB) 950, overcarrier frequency f2 960. The MeNB 920 serves a first group of cellsthat is referred to as Master Cell Group (MCG) and the SeNB 950 serves asecond group of cells referred to a Secondary Cell Group (SCG).

When UE 116 operates with DC, UE 116 needs to simultaneously receive DLsignaling from or transmit UL signaling to MeNB 920 and from SeNB 950.Also, SeNB 950 needs to provide UE-common control signalingfunctionalities. Therefore, UE 116 needs to be able to decode DCIformats in a first CSS in MeNB 920 and in a second CSS in SeNB 950. Acell of SeNB 950 where UE 116 decodes DCI formats in a CSS is referredto as PSCell. Monitoring of a CSS in SeNB 950 requires that UE 116 candecode twelve additional PDCCHs compared to when UE 116 operates withCA. If this increase in PDCCH decoding complexity for UE 116 is to beavoided, a partitioning of a UE 116 capability for decoding a number ofPDCCH candidates between MeNB 920 and SeNB 950 is needed. Also, in orderfor UE 116 to be capable to support PDCCH decoding for a variable numberof cells in SeNB 950, an allocation of PDCCH candidates according to thenumber of cells is needed.

For operation with DC, UE 116 can simultaneously transmit to MeNB 920and to SeNB 950, for example using a different transmit antenna.However, as for CA, a total transmission power a SF i cannot exceedP_(CMAX)(i). Due to their uncoordinated operation, a MeNB 920 scheduleror a SeNB 950 scheduler can either follow a conservative schedulingstrategy for UE 116 in order to minimize a probability that a total UE116 transmission power exceeds P_(CMAX)(i) or follow a more aggressivescheduling strategy that can lead to an increased probability that atotal UE 116 transmission power exceeds P_(CMAX)(i) and then UE 116either drops UL transmissions or reduces their power, thereby resultingto a degradation in a communication quality of service.

UE 116 may need to transmit UCI to MeNB 920 and to SeNB 950 in a SF iwhere a total nominal transmission power from UE 116 can be larger thanP_(CMAX)(i). PUCCH transmissions from UE 116 to SeNB 950 can be in aPSCell. It is beneficial for UE 116 to avoid dropping transmissions ofHARQ-ACK information as this can result to potentially multiple PDCCHand PDSCH retransmissions and reduce DL system throughout. It is alsobeneficial for UE 116 to avoid transmitting HARQ-ACK information withreduced power as it is typically not protected by error detectionmechanisms, such as a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC), and a decreasedHARQ-ACK reception reliability can lead to data buffer corruption(NACK-to-ACK error) or unnecessary PDCCH/PDSCH retransmissions(ACK-to-NACK error). If UE 116 drops a HARQ-ACK transmission to MeNB 920or SeNB 950 due to a need to reduce a respective power, it is beneficialfor UE 116 to provide an associated indication to MeNB 920 or SeNB 950,respectively. This is particularly needed for HARQ-ACK multiplexing in aPUSCH where it may not be possible for MeNB 920 or SeNB 950 to determinean absence of PUSCH transmission or an absence of HARQ-ACK transmissionin case UE 116 transmits a PUSCH and MeNB 920 or SeNB 950 expects UE 116to multiplex HARQ-ACK information in the PUSCH.

UE 116 indicates to MeNB 920 an ability to support CA by indicating arespective UE category that defines both a DL reception capability andan UL transmission capability for UE 116 (see also REF 7). Table 1provides DL and UL physical layer parameter values for each UE category.With DL CA or UL CA, a maximum number of data TB bits that UE 116 canreceive or transmit in a same SF can be shared among multiple cells. Atransport channel for data transmission to UE 116 in a SF is referred toas DL Shared CHannel (DL-SCH) and a transport channel for datatransmission from UE 116 in a SF is referred to as UL Shared Channel(UL-SCH). A PDSCH is a physical channel of a DL-SCH transport channeland a PUSCH is a physical channel for an UL-SCH transport channel. Asize of a data TB (number of TB bits) is referred to as Transport BlockSize (TB S).

TABLE 1 DL and UL physical layer parameter values according to UECategory Maximum Total Maximum number of number Maximum number of DL-SCHof soft DL number UL-SCH UE Category TB bits channel bits of layers TBbits Category 1 10296 250368 1 5160 Category 2 51024 1237248 2 25456Category 3 102048 1237248 2 51024 Category 4 150752 1827072 2 51024Category 5 299552 3667200 4 75376 Category 6 301504 3654144 2 or 4 51024Category 7 301504 3654144 2 or 4 102048 Category 8 2998560 35982720 81497760

Unlike CA, when UE 116 operates with DC a central scheduler cannotcoordinate DL transmissions to UE 116 or UL transmissions from UE 116. Atotal UE 116 processing capability can either be partitioned betweenMeNB 920 and SeNB 950. Alternatively MeNB 920 and SeNB 950 can scheduleUE 116 assuming availability of a full UE 116 capability and UE 116implementation can handle cases where UE 116 capability is exceeded.

For operation with DC, if a capability of UE 116 is partitioned betweenMeNB 920 and SeNB 950, MeNB 920 and SeNB 950 can exchange requirementsfor the UE 116 capability over a backhaul link and MeNB 920 can decide apartitioning for the capability of UE 116. However, due to backhaullatency, such partitioning cannot account for faster adaptations inoperating conditions for UE 116 in MeNB 920 or SeNB 950 and can resultto a suboptimal utilization of a UE 116 capability. For example, MeNB920 can allocate to SeNB 950 a two-thirds (⅔) of a UE 116 capability forDL-SCH reception and consider a remaining one-third (⅓) UE 116capability for DL-SCH reception from MeNB 920. However, in many SFs, UE116 may not receive PDSCH from MeNB 920 and then the UE 116 capabilityfor DL-SCH reception is underutilized.

Similar to a maximum transmission power limitation, a maximum number ofDL-SCH TB bits or a maximum number of UL-SCH TB bits for UE 116 need tobe shared between MeNB 920 and SeNB 950 according to a respectivecapability for UE 116. A soft buffer size of UE 116 for storing softchannel bits for data TBs corresponding to DL HARQ processes (see alsoREF 2 and REF 3) also needs to be shared between MeNB 920 and SeNB 950.

In a cell using Time Division Duplexing (TDD), a communication directionin some SFs is in the DL and in some other SFs is in the UL. Table 2provides example UL-DL configurations over a frame period (see also REF1). “D” denotes a DL SF, “U” denotes an UL SF, and “S” denotes a specialSF.

TABLE 2 UL/DL configurations for a TDD system UL/DL Con- SF numberfiguration 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 D S U U U D S U U U 1 D S U U D D S U UD 2 D S U D D D S U D D 3 D S U U U D D D D D 4 D S U U D D D D D D 5 DS U D D D D D D D 6 D S U U U D S U U D

To facilitate dual-mode (FDD, TDD) UEs while minimizing a respective UEcomplexity, a soft buffer size of UE 116 is same in FDD and TDD and isdetermined by a total number of DL HARQ processes for FDD that isassumed to be eight. In TDD, a maximum number of DL HARQ processes thatUE 116 needs to support varies between four and fifteen depending on aUL/DL configuration and is given in Table 3. A soft buffer size for TDDoperation is adapted and split into min(M_(DL_HARQ), 8) equalpartitions, or into 2·min(M_(DL_HARQ), 8) for PDSCH Transmission Modes(TMs) that support transmission of two data TBs in a PDSCH (see also REF2 and REF 3). When a number of DL HARQ processes in larger than eight, aUE needs to use statistical soft buffer management in order to minimizea probability of HARQ blocking as a soft bit memory per DL HARQ processis less than in FDD.

TABLE 3 Maximum number of DL HARQ processes for TDD Maximum number ofHARQ UL/DL configuration processes M_(DL)_HARQ 0 4 1 7 2 10 3 9 4 12 515 6 6

In a first approach, sharing between MeNB 920 and SeNB 950 in a SF ofone or more capabilities of UE 116 for a maximum transmission power, amaximum number of DL-SCH TBs bits, a maximum number of UL-SCH TBs bits,or a soft buffer capacity can be such that the capabilities of UE 116are never exceeded. For example, MeNB 920 can assign to SeNB 950 (forexample, by signaling over a backhaul link) and configure to UE 116 amaximum power P_(SeNB)(i) for transmissions to SeNB 950 and a maximumpower P_(MeNB)(i) for transmissions to MeNB 920 such thatP_(MeNB)(i)+P_(SeNB)(i)≤P_(CMAX)(i). Although the first approach canensure that a capability for UE 116 is practically never exceeded (withan exception of error cases), a semi-static partitioning can also leadto underutilization of the capability of UE 116.

In a second approach, sharing of one or more of a maximum transmissionpower, a maximum number of DL-SCH TBs bits, a maximum number of UL-SCHTBs bits, or a soft buffer capacity for UE 116 is such that a respectivecapability for UE 116 can be exceeded. For example, in scheduling of UE116, both MeNB 920 and SeNB 950 can assume that UE 116 can receive amaximum number of DL-SCH bits according to a respective capability of UE116.

In the UL/DL configurations of Table 2, 40% and 90% of SFs per frame areDL SFs (and remaining ones are UL SFs). Despite this flexibility, asemi-static UL/DL configuration that can be updated every 640 msec orless frequently, by signaling of a System Information Block (SIB) or, incase of DL CA and a SCell, by RRC signaling (see also REF3 and REF 5),may not match well with short-term data traffic conditions in a cell.For ease of reference, such UL/DL configuration will be referred to asnominal UL/DL configuration. Faster adaptation of a UL/DL configurationamong the ones in Table 2 can be applied to improve a cell throughput.For example, when there is more DL traffic than UL traffic, an UL/DLconfiguration can be adapted every 10, 20, 40, or 80 msec to a differentUL/DL configuration that includes more DL SFs. Signaling for anadaptation of an UL/DL configuration can be provided by several meansincluding a DCI format conveyed by a PDCCH transmitted in a CSS of aPCell or of a PSCell.

An operating constraint in a faster adaptation of an UL/DL configurationis a possible existence of UEs that cannot be aware of such adaptation.Such UEs are referred to as legacy UEs. Since legacy UEs performmeasurements in DL SFs using a CRS, such DL SFs cannot be changed to ULSFs or to special SFs by a faster adaptation of an UL/DL configuration.However, an UL SF can be changed to a DL SF without impacting legacy UEsbecause an eNB scheduler can ensure that legacy UEs do not transmit anysignals in such UL SFs. A DL SF is referred to as a fixed one if the DLSF is a DL SF in a nominal UL/DL configuration. A special SF can onlyswitch to a DL SF. An UL SF is referred to as a fixed one if the UL SFis an UL SF in an UL/DL configuration that is configured to UE 116 fordetermining UL SFs for HARQ-ACK signal transmissions (see also REF 3);this UL/DL configuration is referred to as DL-reference UL/DLconfiguration. A SF is referred to as DL flexible SF if the SF is an ULSF in a nominal UL/DL configuration and is adapted to a DL SF. A SF isreferred to as UL flexible SF if the SF is an UL SF in a nominal UL/DLconfiguration and, although it can be adapted to a DL SF in an adaptedUL/DL configuration, the SF remains an UL SF. In the following, unlessotherwise explicitly mentioned, reference to special SFs is included inreference to DL SFs.

In case transmissions to or receptions from an eNB have time varyingcharacteristics, such as when UE 116 is configured for operation with anadaptive UL/DL configuration at SeNB 950, a semi-static partitioning ofa capability for UE 116 that is same for all SFs can be suboptimal as UE116 can have different requirements for transmissions to or receptionsfrom SeNB 950 in different SFs. For example, a transmission power or anumber of UL-SCH TB bits for UE 116 can depend on whether UE 116experiences DL-dominant or UL-dominant interference in a respective ULSF. For example, a number of DL-SCH TB bits that MeNB 920 can schedulefor UE 116 can depend on whether a respective SF is a DL SF or an UL SFin SeNB 950.

A transmission power for a PUSCH/SRS in an UL SF where UE 116experiences UL-dominant interference can be different than in an UL SFwhere UE 116 experiences DL-dominant interference. UE 116 can then beconfigured with two separate UL PC processes; a first UL PC process fora first set of SFs where UE 116 experiences UL-dominant interference,such as SF#2, and a second UL PC process for a second set of SFs whereUE 116 experiences DL-dominant interference. Therefore, UE 116 can beconfigured a first set of SFs and a second set of SFs and respectiveparameters for a first UL PC process and a second UL PC process (seealso REF 3 and REF 5). PUCCH can be transmitted only in SFs where UE 116experiences UL interference and in such case a second UL PC process forPUCCH transmission is not needed.

One or more embodiments of this disclosure provide mechanisms forenabling a UE configured for operation with DC and having a totalnominal power in a SF that exceeds a maximum transmission power for theUE in the SF to transmit HARQ-ACK information. One or more embodimentsof this disclosure also provide mechanisms for an eNB to determinewhether a UE transmits actual HARQ-ACK information in a PUSCH or whetherthe UE transmits HARQ-ACK information with reduced power in the PUSCH.One or more embodiments of this disclosure additionally provide criteriafor prioritizing power allocation to transmissions from a power limitedUE operating with DC according to respective information types. One ormore embodiments of this disclosure further provide mechanisms for a UEto support PDCCH decoding in DC operation. One or more embodiments ofthis disclosure also provide mechanisms for reducing latency inexchanging information of configurations between eNBs in DC operationand for adapting DL/UL scheduling to variations in configurations. Oneor more embodiments of this disclosure additionally provide mechanismsfor partitioning a UE capability for a maximum number of DL-SCH TB bitsor a maximum number of UL-SCH TB bits in DC operation. One or moreembodiments of this disclosure further provide mechanisms forpartitioning a UE soft buffer between eNBs in DC operation. Finally, oneor more embodiments of this disclosure provide mechanisms forpartitioning a maximum UE transmission power between eNBs in DCoperation.

Embodiment 1: Using PUCCH Instead of a PUSCH to Transmit HARQ-ACK inOrder to HARQ-ACK Transmission Under Power Limitation

The first embodiment illustrates that when a UE, such as UE 116, needsto transmit HARQ-ACK information in a PUSCH to an eNB, such as SeNB 950,in an SF i and a respective nominal transmission power P_(SeNB_PUSCH)(1) is larger than an available power for transmissions from UE 116 toSeNB 950 P_(CMAX_SeNB)(i) (see also REF 9), UE 116 can transmit theHARQ-ACK information in a PUCCH if this requires a respective nominaltransmission power P_(SeNB_PUCCH)(i) that is not larger thanP_(CMAX_SeNB)(i). P_(SeNB_PUCCH)(i) is also larger thanP_(CMAX_SeNB)(i), UE 116 can transmit either the PUSCH or the PUCCH. Forexample, UE 116 can select to drop the PUSCH and transmit the PUCCH withreduced power if P_(SeNB_PUCCH)(i)<P_(SeNB_PUSCH)(i).

The descriptions consider that UE 116 can simultaneously transmit to aPCell of MeNB 920 and to a PSCell of SeNB 950. However, samefunctionalities can apply if the PCell and the PSCell are cells of asame eNB. For simplicity, it is assumed that UE 116 does not transmitany random access preambles in the SF i that are prioritized for powerallocation over HARQ-ACK (see also REF 3); otherwise, UE 116 determinesan available power to transmit HARQ-ACK to SeNB 950 after subtracting apower required to transmit random access preambles to any eNB.

Due to the PUSCH SF structure and due to any PUCCH SF structure forHARQ-ACK transmission (see also REF 1), a transmission power from UE 116in order for an eNB to receive HARQ-ACK information with a desiredreliability can be much smaller when the HARQ-ACK information istransmitted in a PUCCH than in a PUSCH. This is because with any PUCCHstructure, unlike a PUSCH structure, all SF symbols contribute toHARQ-ACK transmission and additional RS improves channel estimationaccuracy especially when transmissions from UE 116 experience low SINR(see also REF 1).

Dropping a PUSCH transmission and transmitting HARQ-ACK information in aPUCCH is functionally equivalent to UE 116 not detecting a respectiveDCI format scheduling the PUSCH transmission in SF i. Therefore, eventhough UE 116 does not transmit a PUSCH in SF i, UE 116 can stilltransmit HARQ-ACK information in a PUCCH using a same resource as whenUE 116 does not detect any DCI formats scheduling PUSCH transmissions inSF Alternatively, a separate resource can be configured to UE 116 fortransmitting PUCCH when UE 116 drops PUSCH transmissions in order toimplicitly indicate a power limitation for PUSCH transmissions.

FIG. 10 illustrates a process for a UE to transmit HARQ-ACK informationin a PUSCH or in a PUCCH to an eNB according to this disclosure. Whilethe flow chart depicts a series of sequential steps, unless explicitlystated, no inference should be drawn from the sequence regardingspecific order of performance, performance of steps or portions thereofserially rather than concurrently on in an overlapping manner, orperformance of the steps depicted exclusively without the occurrence ofinterleaving or intermediate steps. The process depicted in the exampledepicted is implemented by processing circuitry in a transmitter chainin, for example, a UE.

In SF i, UE 116 determines a first transmission power P_(MeNB)(i) fortransmitting first HARQ-ACK information to a first eNB, such as MeNB920, and second nominal transmission power P_(SeNB_PUSCH)(i) fortransmitting second HARQ-ACK information in a PUSCH to a second eNB,such as SeNB 950, in block 1010. UE 116 determines P_(MeNB)(i) as thesmaller of a first nominal transmission power for transmitting HARQ-ACKin MeNB 920 and an available power that UE 116 has in MeNB 920 (see alsoREF 9). Based on P_(MeNB)(i) and on P_(SeNB_PUSCH)(i), UE 116 determinesan available transmission power P_(CMAX_SeNB)(i) for the PUSCHtransmission to SeNB 950, in block 1020. For example, {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX_SeNB)(i)={circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i)−{circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i). Subsequently, UE 116 examines whether P_(SeNB_PUSCH)(i)is larger than P_(CMAX_SeNB)(i) in block 1030. IfP_(SeNB_PUSCH)(i)≤P_(CMAX_SeNB)(i), UE 116 transmits the first HARQ-ACKinformation to MeNB 920 and the second HARQ-ACK information in the PUSCHto SeNB 950, in block 1040. If P_(SeNB_PUSCH)(i)>P_(CMAX_SeNB)(i), UE116 determines a second nominal transmission power P_(SeNB_PUCCH)(i) fortransmitting the second HARQ-ACK information in a second PUCCH to SeNB950, in block 1050. UE 116 determines a transmission power and aresource for the PUCCH as if UE 116 did not have any PUSCH transmissionto SeNB 950. UE 116 examines whether P_(SeNB_PUCCH)(i) is larger than amaximum transmission power P_(CMAX_SeNB)(i) 1060. IfP_(SeNB_PUCCH)(i)≤P_(CMAX_SeNB)(i), UE 116 transmits the first HARQ-ACKinformation to MeNB 920 and the second HARQ-ACK information in the PUCCHto SeNB 950, in block 1070. If P_(SeNB_PUCCH)(i)>P_(CMAX_SeNB)(i) UE 116transmits the first HARQ-ACK information to MeNB 920 and either alsotransmits the second HARQ-ACK information, either in a PUSCH or in aPUCCH, to SeNB 950 where a transmission power for the PUSCH or the PUCCHis reduced so that it is not larger than P_(CMAX_SeNB)(i) in block 1080,or UE 116 does not transmit the second HARQ-ACK information.

In general, it is not necessary for UE 116 to transmit in a same SF toboth MeNB 920 and SeNB 950 and the first embodiment is also applicablewhen UE 116 transmits HARQ-ACK only to a single eNB in the SF.

Similar to UE 116 dropping a PUSCH transmission in order to transmitHARQ-ACK in a PUCCH, UE 116 can drop a first PUSCH transmission andmultiplex HARQ-ACK in a second PUSCH transmission. For example, if UE116 has multiple PUSCH transmissions to respective cells of the SCG ofSeNB 950 in SF i, UE 116 can be configured to multiplex HARQ-ACK in aPUSCH transmission to a cell with the smallest index, j₀, among therespective cells. If P_(SeNB_PUSCH,j) ₀ (i)>P_(CMAX_SeNB)(i), UE 116 candrop the PUSCH transmission to cell with index j₀ and multiplex HARQ-ACKin a PUSCH transmission to a cell with the next smallest index, j₁,among the respective cells condition if P_(SeNB_PUSCH,j) ₁(i)≤P_(CMAX_SeNB)(i). If the P_(SeNB_PUSCH)(i)≤P_(CMAX_SeNB)(i) is notsatisfied for any cell in the SCG where UE 116 is configured to transmita PUSCH in SF i, then UE 116 can drop all PUSCH transmissions andtransmit HARQ-ACK in a PUCCH in the PSCell of SeNB 950 ifP_(SeNB_PUCCH)(i)≤P_(CMAX_SeNB)(i).

The condition P_(SeNB_PUSCH)(i)>P_(CMAX_SeNB) (i), as in block 1030 ofFIG. 10, for UE 116 to determine whether to drop a PUSCH transmissionand instead convey HARQ-ACK information in another PUSCH transmission orPUCCH transmission, can be modified asP_(SeNB_PUCCH)(i)+P_(CMAX_SeNB)(i)+T_(HARQ-ACK) where T_(HARQ-ACK)>0 isa threshold that is either configured to UE 116 by MeNB 920 or determineby UE 116. A different threshold can apply depending on whether UE 116transmits HARQ-ACK information in a PUSCH or a PUCCH. For example,setting a small threshold value allows UE 116 to transmit a PUSCHconveying HARQ-ACK information when a respective nominal power in largerthan an available power only by the small threshold value.

Embodiment 2: Determining by an eNB Whether a UE Transmits HARQ-ACK in aPUSCH or Whether a UE Transmits HARQ-ACK with Reduced Power

The second embodiment illustrates that a UE, such as UE 116, that needsto transmit in SF i HARQ-ACK information in a PUSCH or in a PUCCH to aneNB, such as SeNB 950, and determines that a respective nominaltransmission power is larger than P_(CMAX)(i), transmits the PUSCH orPUCCH, respectively, either with a power that is smaller than or equalto P_(CMAX)(i), or drops a respective transmission, or transmits theHARQ-ACK information with compression if the transmission is in thePUCCH. For example, compression of HARQ-ACK information can be withspatial domain bundling (see also REF 2 or REF 3). Several alternativesare considered to enable SeNB 950 to determine either that a receptionreliability of the HARQ-ACK information is reduced (UE transmits withreduced power), or that the PUSCH does not include HARQ-ACK information(UE 116 drops transmission of HARQ-ACK information), or that the PUCCHincludes compressed/bundled HARQ-ACK information.

In a first alternative, UE 116 multiplexes HARQ-ACK information in aPUSCH that UE 116 transmits with reduced power. SeNB 950 measures areceived PUSCH power, P_(PUSCH_rx)(i), or a received PUSCH SINR,SINR_(PUSCH_rx)(i), and compares the measurement to a target (expected)value, P_(PUSCH_tg)(i) or SINR_(PUSCH_tg)(i), respectively, that SeNB950 determines according to a respective UL PC process. The nominal UE116 transmission power determined by SeNB 950 can be different than anominal UE 116 transmission power determined by UE 116 due to TPC errorsoccurring when UE 116 misses or incorrectly detects DCI formats and whenSeNB 950 is not aware of such events. The power or SINR measurement atSeNB 950 can be based, for example, on a DMRS that UE 116 transmits inthe PUSCH. For brevity, the following descriptions are with reference toa power but can also apply with reference to a SINR by substitutingP_(PUSCH_rx)(i) with SINR_(PUSCH_rx)(i) and P_(PUSCH_tg)(i) withSINR_(PUSCH_tg)(i). In general, the following descriptions can applywith respect to a difference between a measured value and an expectedvalue of a signal metric at an eNB.

If P_(PUSCH_rx)(i) is smaller than P_(PUSCH_tg)(i) by a thresholdT_(PUSCH)(i), P_(PUSCH_tg)(i)−P_(PUSCH_rx)(i)>T_(PUSCH)(i), SeNB 950 candetermine that UE 116 transmitted the PUSCH with reduced power. SeNB 950can then decide to either discard detected HARQ-ACK information (andschedule retransmissions of respective data TBs) or process detectedHARQ-ACK information. A decision can be based on additional criteria assubsequently described.

SeNB 950 can consider multiple threshold values depending on whetherSeNB 950 correctly or incorrectly decodes one or more data TBs conveyedby the PUSCH. SeNB 950 can determine correct or incorrect decoding of adata TB in a PUSCH by examining a CRC where CRC bits are included ineach data TB (see also REF 2). For example, in case a PUSCH conveys onedata TB, if a respective CRC check indicates correct decoding of thedata TB, SeNB 950 considers a first threshold T_(PUSCH,1)(i); otherwise,SeNB 950 considers a second threshold T_(PUSCH,2)(i) where, for example,T_(PUSCH,2)(i)≤T_(PUSCH,1)(i). As a reliability of data TB decoding istypically worse than a reliability of HARQ-ACK decoding, SeNB 950 canconsider the HARQ-ACK information in a PUSCH to be reliable if SeNB 950correctly decodes a data TB in the PUSCH. This is equivalent to settingT_(PUSCH,1)(i) to infinity. If a PUSCH conveys two data TBs, a number ofthresholds can possibly increase to three with a first thresholdcorresponding to SeNB 950 correctly decoding both data TBs, a secondthreshold corresponding to SeNB 950 correctly decoding one data TB, anda third threshold corresponding to SeNB 950 incorrectly decoding bothdata TBs.

FIG. 11 illustrates a method for an eNB to determine whether a receivedPUSCH was transmitted with reduced power depending on a measuredreceived power and an expected received power in one or more PUSCH SFsymbols according to this disclosure. While the flow chart depicts aseries of sequential steps, unless explicitly stated, no inferenceshould be drawn from the sequence regarding specific order ofperformance, performance of steps or portions thereof serially ratherthan concurrently on in an overlapping manner, or performance of thesteps depicted exclusively without the occurrence of interleaving orintermediate steps. The process depicted in the example depicted isimplemented by processing circuitry in a receiver chain in, for example,an eNB.

In a SF i, SeNB 950 determines an actual reception power P_(PUSCH_rx)(i)for a PUSCH transmission from UE 116 and a target (expected) receptionpower P_(PUSCH_tg)(i) for the PUSCH transmission from UE 116 accordingto a respective UL PC process in block 1110. Subsequently, SeNB 950determines whether P_(PUSCH_tg)(i)−P_(PUSCH_rx)(i)>P_(PUSCH_rx)(i)>T_(PUSCH)(i) in block 1120 where T_(PUSCH)(i) is set by SeNB 950. IfP_(PUSCH_tg)(i)−P_(PUSCH_rx)(i)>T_(PUSCH)(i), SeNB 950 can determinethat UE 116 transmitted the PUSCH with reduced power (compared to anominal transmission power) in block 1130; otherwise, SeNB 950 candetermine that UE 116 transmitted the PUSCH with a nominal transmissionpower in block 1140. The threshold T_(PUSCH)(i) can have a fixed valueor its value can vary depending, for example, on whether or not SeNB 950correctly decodes a data TB conveyed by the PUSCH.

In a second alternative, if in a SF i the UE 116 transmits a PUSCH withreduced power, UE 116 selects a CS and OCC value for a DMRS transmissiondepending on (a) an indicated CS and OCC value, either by a DCI formatscheduling the PUSCH transmission or is configured for SPS PUSCHtransmission, and (b) whether or not UE 116 transmits the PUSCH withreduced power. The selection of a CS and OCC value by UE 116 can also beconditioned on whether UE 116 multiplexes UCI in the PUSCH. For example,if one of eight CS and OCC values is indicated to UE 116, then UE 116can use the indicated CS and OCC value if UE 116 transmits the PUSCHwith a nominal power or UE 116 can use a CS and OCC value that is, forexample, immediately after the indicated CS and OCC value if UE 116transmits the PUSCH with reduced power (wrap-around to the first CS andOCC value can apply if the indicated CS and OCC value is the eighthone). In case SeNB 950 applies spatial multiplexing among PUSCHtransmissions from multiple UEs, SeNB 950 can be restricted to assign atmost every other CS and OCC value for respective DMRS transmissions andlimit spatial multiplexing of PUSCH transmissions to at most four UEs.

The SeNB 950 can determine a CS and OCC value by computing a respectivereceived power for a DMRS in a PUSCH assuming UE 116 transmits the DMRSwith an indicated CS and OCC value, P_(PUSCH) ^(RS_CSOCC1)(i), andassuming UE 116 transmits the DMRS with a CS and OCC value following theindicated one, P_(PUSCH) ^(RS_CSOCC2)(i) Then, if P_(PUSCH)^(RS_SCOCC2)(i)−P_(PUSCH) ^(RS_CSOCC1)(i)>T_(CSOCC)(i), where SeNB 950sets a threshold value T_(CSOCC)(i)≥0, SeNB 950 can assume that UE 116transmitted the PUSCH with a reduced power; otherwise, SeNB 950 canassume that UE 116 transmitted the PUSCH with a nominal power. SeNB 950can set the value of T_(CSOCC)(i) depending on an assumed likelihoodthat UE 116 transmitted the PUSCH with a nominal power. For example, ifSeNB 950 correctly decodes a data TB in the PUSCH, SeNB 950 can use ahigher value for T_(CSOCC)(i); otherwise, SeNB 950 can use a lower one.For example, if UE 116 can transmit only to SeNB 950 (and cannottransmit to MeNB 920) in SF i, SeNB 950 can use a higher value forT_(CSOCC)(i); otherwise, SeNB 950 can use a lower one.

FIG. 12 illustrates a method for an eNB to determine whether a receivedPUSCH was transmitted with reduced power depending on power measurementsfor a DMRS reception according to a first CS and OCC value and accordingto a second CS and OCC value according to this disclosure. While theflow chart depicts a series of sequential steps, unless explicitlystated, no inference should be drawn from the sequence regardingspecific order of performance, performance of steps or portions thereofserially rather than concurrently on in an overlapping manner, orperformance of the steps depicted exclusively without the occurrence ofinterleaving or intermediate steps. The process depicted in the exampledepicted is implemented by processing circuitry in a receiver chain in,for example, an eNB.

SeNB 950 expects UE 116 to transmit a PUSCH in a SF i. For a DMRSreception in the PUSCH, SeNB 950 computes a DMRS reception powerP_(PUSCH) ^(RS_CSOCC1)(i) assuming UE 116 transmitted the DMRS accordingto a CS and OCC value that SeNB 950 indicated to UE 116 and a DMRSreception power P_(PUSCH) ^(RS_CSOCC2)(i) assuming UE 116 transmittedthe DMRS with a CS and OCC value that immediately follows the indicatedCS and OCC value in block 1210. Subsequently, SeNB 950 determineswhether P_(PUSCH) ^(RS_CSOCC2)(i)−P_(PUSCH) ^(RS_CSOCC1)(i)>T_(CSOCC)(i)in block 1220, where T threshold value set by SeNB 950. If P_(PUSCH)^(RS_CSOCC2)(i)−P_(PUSCH) ^(RS_CSOCC1)(i)>T_(CSOCC)(i) SeNB 950determines that UE 116 transmitted the PUSCH with reduced power(compared to a nominal transmission power) in block 1230; otherwise,SeNB 950 determines that UE 116 transmitted the PUSCH with a nominaltransmission power in block 1240. The value of T_(PUSCH)(i) can varydepending, for example, on whether or not SeNB 950 correctly decoded adata TB conveyed in the PUSCH.

The first and second alternatives are also applicable in case UE 116transmits a PUCCH. A respective description is analogous to the onedescribed in FIG. 11 or in FIG. 12 and is not repeated for brevity. Forthe second alternative, it is noted that only an OCC may apply to theDMRS depending on a PUCCH format.

For either the first or the second alternative and for either HARQ-ACKtransmissions in a PUSCH or a PUCCH, UE 116 may apply HARQ-ACK bundlingif UE 116 transmits HARQ-ACK information with reduced power. Forexample, UE 116 does not apply spatial domain bundling to HARQ-ACKinformation when UE 116 transmits a respective PUSCH or PUCCH with arespective nominal power; otherwise, UE 116 applies spatial domainbundling. This can improve HARQ-ACK reception reliability when atransmission is with reduced power as a respective HARQ-ACK informationpayload is reduced. SeNB 950 can determine whether or not UE 116 appliedadditional HARQ-ACK bundling by determining whether or not UE 116transmitted a respective PUSCH or PUCCH with reduced power, for exampleaccording to the method in FIG. 11 or the method in FIG. 12.

In a third alternative, UE 116 transmits a PUSCH with reduced power butdoes not include HARQ-ACK information in the PUSCH. Instead, UE 116replaces HARQ-ACK information with a predetermined codeword in order toassist SeNB 950 in determining that UE 116 transmitted the PUSCH withreduced power and did not multiplex HARQ-ACK information. In a firstexample, the predetermined codeword can be a series of alternating “+1”and “−1” numeric values mapped to REs that are nominally used totransmit HARQ-ACK information (see also REF 2). UE 116 can also changean order of the alternating “+1” and “−1” numeric values in successiveSF symbols where HARQ-ACK information is multiplexed by transmitting“+1” in REs of a first SF symbol and a “−1” in REs of a second SF symbolwhere HARQ-ACK information is multiplexed.

In a second example, the predetermined codeword can be a series of “+1”numeric values mapped to REs that are nominally used to transmitHARQ-ACK information in odd SF symbols and a series of “−1” numericvalues mapped to REs that are nominally used to transmit HARQ-ACKinformation in even SF symbols (that is, UE 116 transmits “+1” in REs ofa first and third SF symbols and transmits “−1” in REs of a second andfourth SF symbols that are used for multiplexing HARQ-ACK information).By summing, for example, pairs of codeword REs across respective SFsymbols in each SF slot, SeNB 950 can accurately decode thepredetermined codeword and determine whether or not UE 116 multiplexedactual HARQ-ACK information. This is because a probability that thepredetermined codeword, and its permutations across REs of SF symbols,represents actual HARQ-ACK information is practically zero. Therefore,SeNB 950 can perform two decoding operations for HARQ-ACK information ina PUSCH; a first one assuming UE 116 transmits actual HARQ-ACKinformation and a second one for a predetermined codeword assuming UE116 does not transmit actual HARQ-ACK information (and transmits thePUSCH with reduced power).

FIG. 13 illustrates a method for a UE to transmit a predeterminedcodeword that replaces actual HARQ-ACK information in a PUSCH when theUE transmits the PUSCH with a reduced power compared to a nominal poweraccording to this disclosure. The embodiment shown in FIG. 13 is forillustration only. Other embodiments could be used without departingfrom the scope of the present disclosure.

In SF i, UE 116 transmits a PUSCH that includes data 1310 and/or CSI1320, RS 1330, and REs where UE 116 multiplexes HARQ-ACK information1340 (and this is also expected by SeNB 950). If UE 116 determines thatit can transmit the PUSCH with a nominal power, UE 116 multiplexesactual HARQ-ACK information. If UE 116 determines that it needs totransmit the PUSCH with a reduced power, compared to the nominal power,UE 116 replaces actual HARQ-ACK information with a predeterminedcodeword such as one including a series of alternating “+1” and “−1” inREs of odd SF symbols and a series of alternating “−1” and “+1” in REsof even SF symbols where HARQ-ACK is multiplexed.

Embodiment 3: Information Prioritization for Power Scaling

The third embodiment illustrates prioritization rules for power scalingof UL transmissions from a UE according to a respective information typeassuming that the UE total nominal transmission power exceeds the UEmaximum transmission power in a respective SF prior to power scaling.

A channel (PUSCH or PUCCH) that includes UCI is typically prioritizedfor power scaling over a PUSCH that includes only data information (seealso REF 3). When UE 116 simultaneously transmits a PUCCH and a PUSCH toa same eNB, such as SeNB 950, and both the PUCCH and PUSCH include UCI,higher priority UCI such as HARQ-ACK or SR is included in the PUCCH andfor this reason the PUCCH is prioritized in terms of power allocationover the PUSCH. Finally, transmission of any UCI type is prioritized interms of power allocation over transmission of any SRS type (see alsoREF 3). For operation with DC, the above power prioritization rules maynot always be preferable.

In a first case, UE 116 transmits a first PUSCH to a first eNB, such asMeNB 920, and transmits a second PUSCH to a second eNB, such as SeNB950, where both the first PUSCH and the second PUSCH do not include UCI.In case of CA, PUSCH transmissions in a same SF that do not include UCIare equally prioritized in terms of power scaling. In case of DC, powerprioritization is considered depending on a data information type ineach PUSCH. For example, if a first PUSCH includes MAC signaling (seealso REF 4) or RRC signaling (see also REF 5) and a second PUSCH onlyincludes application data traffic, UE 116 can prioritize powerallocation to first PUSCH. If both the first PUSCH and the second PUSCHinclude MAC or RRC signaling, UE 116 can either equally allocateavailable power to each PUSCH (subject to a total power not exceeding aUE 116 maximum transmission power in the SF) or can prioritize powerallocation to PUSCH transmitted to MeNB 920. Moreover, UE 116 canprioritize power allocation to a PUSCH transmission that includes MACsignaling or RRC signaling to a first eNB over a PUSCH transmission thatincludes A-CSI to a second eNB. UE 116 can also prioritize powerallocation to a PUSCH transmission that includes MAC signaling or RRCsignaling to MeNB 920 over a PUSCH transmission that includes HARQ-ACKto SeNB 950.

In a second case, UE 116 transmits a PUSCH that does not include UCI toa first eNB and transmits a PUCCH to a second eNB. In case of CA, UE 116prioritizes power allocation to PUCCH (regardless of whether the PUSCHincludes UCI—see also REF 3). In case of DC, UE 116 can prioritize powerallocation to a PUSCH with MAC or RRC signaling over a PUCCH. Thisprioritization can be restricted only for the case that the PUCCHconveys P-CSI or can also apply for the case that the PUCCH conveys SRor HARQ-ACK. Also, this prioritization can be restricted only for thecase UE 116 transmits the PUSCH to MeNB 920.

In a third case, UE 116 transmits type 1 SRS (A-SRS) to a first eNB andtransmits P-CSI to a second eNB. In case of CA, UE 116 prioritizes powerallocation to P-CSI transmission and drops A-SRS transmission. In caseof DC, it is likely that the first eNB triggers A-SRS transmission fromUE 116 in a SF where the second eNB configures UE 116 to transmit P-CSIand a total nominal transmission power from UE 116 exceeds a maximum onein the SF. Then, considering that an A-SRS transmission occurs only inone SF symbol, UE 116 can prioritize power allocation to the A-SRS andtransmit P-CSI with reduced power in the overlapping SF symbol. Forsynchronous DC operation, the overlapping SF symbol is primarily thelast SF symbol. This prioritization can be limited to the case that UE116 transmits the A-SRS to MeNB 920 and transmits P-CSI to SeNB 950. UE116 can drop an A-SRS transmission to a first eNB if UE 116 transmitsHARQ-ACK or SR to a second eNB. This is because unlike P-CSImultiplexing among UEs in a PUCCH, HARQ-ACK or SR multiplexing among UEsin a PUCCH relies on orthogonal multiplexing across symbols of a same SFslot and a reduction in transmission power in one symbol from one ormore UEs can have a degrading effect on the orthogonal multiplexing andrespectively degrade a HARQ-ACK or SR reception reliability.

In a fourth case, collisions of SRS and P-CSI can be avoided when UE 116is configured for operation with synchronous DC, by UE 116 puncturing alast SF symbol for P-CSI transmission using PUCCH Format 2 (see alsoREF 1) to a first eNB in order for UE 116 to transmit SRS to a secondeNB and avoid a potential power limitation.

If UE 116 can potentially use multiple rules for prioritization of powerallocation in DC operation, a rule can be configured to UE 116, forexample by MeNB 920, or be determined in the operation of thecommunication system. For example, for UL transmissions from UE 116 in aSF, a rule can be to prioritize all PUSCH to MeNB 920 over PUSCH to SeNB950. Alternatively, UE 116 can prioritize PUSCH to MeNB 920 by defaultand network configuration can only indicate possible exception rules. Aconfiguration of a rule for UE 116 to use for power allocationprioritization can be extended to other channels or information typesthat UE 116 transmits to MeNB 920 and to SeNB 950. For example, UE 116can be configured to prioritize a CSI transmission to MeNB 920 over a SRtransmission to SeNB 950 or prioritize a SR transmission to MeNB 920over a HARQ-ACK transmission to SeNB 950. Alternatively, UE 116 canautonomously choose a rule.

Embodiment 4: Splitting PDCCH Decoding Operations

The fourth embodiment illustrates a UE operating with DC and decoding afirst set of DCI formats in a CSS and UE-DSS for cells of a MeNB and asecond set of DCI formats in a CSS and UE-DSS for cells of a SeNB.

UE 116 has a fixed maximum capability for a number of PDCCH candidatesit can decode in a SF. MeNB 920 can be informed of a UE 116 capabilityto decode a number of N_(UE) PDCCH candidates per SF either explicitlyor implicitly through information of a respective UE category. Forexample, UE 116 with a capability to communicate with only a single cellcan decode a nominal number of PDCCH candidates for one CSS and oneUE-DSS while a UE with a CA capability to communicate with C cells candecode a nominal number of PDCCH candidates for one CSS and C UE-DSS.When UE 116 operates with DC, a UE capability to decode a number ofPDCCH candidates per SF can be partitioned among cells of MeNB 920 andSeNB 950. Also, UE 116 needs to support two respective CSS, a first onefor the PCell of MeNB 920 and a second one for the PSCell of SeNB 950.

In general, when UE 116 is configured for communication with C_(MeNB)cells in MeNB 920 and with C_(SeNB) cells in SeNB 950, in order tosupport decoding of a nominal number of PDCCH candidates per CCEaggregation level per SF, UE 116 needs to support decoding ofN_(DC)=[12·2+(C_(MeNB)+C_(SeNB))·32] PDCCH candidates per SF. IfN_(UE)>N_(DC) UE 116 can decode 12 PDCCH candidates in a CSS and 32PDCCH candidates in each UE-DSS of each eNB. If N_(UE)<N_(DC), UE 116cannot decode the nominal number of PDCCH candidates for each CCEaggregation level for some or all of C_(MeNB)+C_(SeNB) cells and apartitioning of PDCCH candidates to cells of MeNB 920 and to cells ofSeNB 950 is needed.

Upon configuration of UE 116 by MeNB 920 for DC operation, apartitioning of N_(UE) PDCCH candidates into a first number for MeNB 920and a second number for SeNB 950 can also be configured to UE 116 byMeNB 920. If N_(UE)≥N_(DC) a configuration for partitioning can have adefault value corresponding to a nominal number of PDCCH candidates perCCE aggregation level for a CSS and for each UE-DSS in each respectiveeNB.

MeNB 920 determines a first number of N_(UE_MeNB) PDCCH candidates forUE 116 to decode for cells of MeNB 920 and a second number ofN_(UE_SeNB) PDCCH candidates for UE 116 to decode for cells of SeNB 950.MeNB 920 informs SeNB 950 at least of N_(UE_SeNB) MeNB 920 configures toUE 116 the N_(UE_MeNB) PDCCH candidates and the N_(UE_SeNB) PDCCHcandidates. Alternatively, SeNB 950 configures to UE 116 the N_(UE_SeNB)PDCCH candidates for UE 116 to decode for cells of SeNB 950. Theconfiguration can be for a total number of PDCCH candidates N_(UE_MeNB)for MeNB 920 and N_(UE_SeNB) for SeNB 950 and then UE 116 can allocatePDCCH candidates for each CCE aggregation level to each cell accordingto a predetermined mapping, or the configuration can be for a number ofPDCCH candidates per CCE aggregation level for each cell of MeNB 920 andeach cell of SeNB 950. A number of PDCCH candidates and respective CCEaggregation levels for a CSS on the PCell of MeNB 920 and on the PSCellof SeNB 950 can be a nominal one (12) by default.

For example, when UE 116 operates with CA that includes 2 cells, UE 116can support decoding for a nominal number of 12+2×32=76 PDCCHcandidates. Upon configuration with DC operation by MeNB 920 and for oneMeNB cell, one SeNB cell, and for aggregation levels of {1, 2, 4, 8}CCEs, 12 PDCCH candidates can be associated with a CSS in the PCell ofMeNB 920 and 12 PDCCH candidates can be associated with a CSS in thePSCell of SeNB 950. MeNB 920 can equally partition remaining 76−12−12=52PDCCH candidates between the cell of MeNB 920 and the cell of SeNB 950.MeNB 920 can configure UE 116 a number of {4, 5, 2, 2} PDCCH candidatesfor respective aggregation levels of {1, 2, 4, 8} CCEs for a UE-DSS inthe cell of MeNB 920 while SeNB 950 (or MeNB 920) can configure UE 116 anumber of {5, 5, 2, 1} PDCCH candidates for respective aggregationlevels of {1, 2, 4, 8} CCEs for a UE-DSS in the cell of SeNB 950. If,instead of a single cell, CA is supported by either MeNB 920 or SeNB950, a number of PDCCH candidates per CCE aggregation level in a UE-DSSof a cell can be same for all cells or can also be individuallyconfigured for each cell and allow for some CCE aggregation levels tohave no PDCCH candidates, for example based on a DL SINR for UE 116.

FIG. 14 illustrates a process for a UE configured with DC to determine anumber of PDCCH candidates to decode in a UE-DSS of a MeNB and in aUE-DSS of a SeNB according to this disclosure. While the flow chartdepicts a series of sequential steps, unless explicitly stated, noinference should be drawn from the sequence regarding specific order ofperformance, performance of steps or portions thereof serially ratherthan concurrently on in an overlapping manner, or performance of thesteps depicted exclusively without the occurrence of interleaving orintermediate steps. The process depicted in the example depicted isimplemented by processing circuitry in a transmitter chain in, forexample, an eNB.

UE 116 explicitly or implicitly informs MeNB 920 of its capability todecode N_(u), PDCCH candidates and MeNB 920 configures UE 116 with DCoperation in block 1410 that requires UE 116 to decode a total nominalnumber of N_(DC)=[12.2+(C_(MeNB)+C_(SeNB))·32] PDCCH candidates per SF.MeNB 920, SeNB 950, and UE 116 determine whether or not N_(UE)≥N_(DC) inblock 1420. If N_(UE)≥N_(DC), UE 116 decodes a nominal number of PDCCHcandidates for each respective CCE aggregation level in each CSS/UE-DSSin block 1430. If N_(UE)<N_(DC), UE 116 decodes a nominal number ofPDCCH candidates for the PCell of MeNB 920 and is configured by MeNB 920to decode a number of PDCCH candidates for each respective CCEaggregation level in each UE-DSS for each cell of MeNB 920 for a totalnumber of N_(UE_MeNB) PDCCH candidates. MeNB 920 also informs SeNB 950of N_(UE_SeNB) PDCCH candidates that UE 116 can decode for SeNB 950. UE116 decodes a nominal number of PDCCH candidates for the PSCell of SeNB950 and is configured by SeNB 950 (or by MeNB 920 if SeNB 950communicates to MeNB 920 a respective information over a backhaul link)to decode a number of PDCCH candidates for each respective CCEaggregation level in each UE-DSS for each cell of SeNB 950 in block1440.

In an alternative to the operation in FIG. 14, MeNB 920 can configure toUE 116 the N_(UE_MeNB) and N_(UE_SeNB) PDCCH candidates and UE 116 candetermine a partition, such as an equal partition, for a number of PDCCHcandidates for the UE-DSS of each cell of MeNB 920 and SeNB 950,respectively, after allocating a nominal number of PDCCH candidates forthe CSS of the PCell and the CSS of the PSCell. For equal partition, ifthe number of N_(UE_MeNB) or N_(UE_SeNB) PDCCH candidates is notdivisible by a number of cells of C_(UE_MeNB) or C_(UE_SeNB) that UE 116can be scheduled in either MeNB 920 or SeNB 950, respectively, then UE116 can allocate ┌(N_(UE_MeNB)−12)/C_(UE_MeNB)┌ or┌N_(UE_SeNB)−12)/C_(UE_SeNB) ┐ PDCCH candidates for the UE-DSS of theC_(UE_MeNB)−1 or C_(UE_SeNB)−1 cells with the lower indexes for MeNB 920and SeNB 950, respectively, and allocate(N_(UE_MeNB)−12)−(C_(UE_MeNB)−1)·┌(N_(UE_MeNB)−12)/C_(UE_MeNB)┌ or(N_(BE SeNB)−12)−(C_(UE_SeNB)−1)·┌N_(UE_SeNB)−12)/C_(UE_SeNB)┐ for theUE-DSS of the cell with the highest index for MeNB 920 or SeNB 950(assuming that UE 116 allocates twelve PDCCH candidates to each CSS). Itis also possible for MeNB 920 or SeNB 950 to configure a number of PDCCHcandidates for the CSS or the PCell or the CSS of the PSCell,respectively, or that number can be determined in conjunction with othersystem properties.

A configuration of PDCCH candidates can also be per DCI format that UE116 is configured to decode according to a respective PDSCH TM or PUSCHTM. A configuration of PDCCH candidates per CCE aggregation level canalso depend on a SF as certain DCI formats can only be transmitted inspecific SFs. For example, a DCI Format 1C that schedules a RAR orindicates adapted UL/DL configurations for respective TDD cells can betransmitted only in specific SFs known to UE 116. Therefore, for PDCCHdecoding in a CSS, UE 116 can decode 6 PDCCH candidates in SFs DCIFormat 1C is not transmitted and decode 12 PDCCH candidates in SFs whereDCI Format 1C is transmitted.

A determination of N_(UE_MeNB) and N_(UE_SeNB) by MeNB 920 can beperformed more than once as, for example, SeNB 950 can modify a numberof cells for scheduling of UE 116. If existing values of N_(UE_MeNB) andN_(UE_SeNB) become not preferable as SeNB 950 adds or removes cells forUE 116, SeNB 950 can request a different N_(UE_SeNB) and MeNB 920 canrespond with a new value for N_(UE_SeNB). MeNB 920 or SeNB 950 can thenconfigure to UE 116 a new set of PDCCH candidates for respective CCEaggregation levels for UE-DSS of respective cells. For example, SeNB 950can change a status of a SeNB 950 cell configured to UE 116 to active orinactive and, as UE 116 does not decode PDCCH for scheduling in aninactive cell, a number of PDCCH candidates for CCE aggregation levelsfor a UE-DSS of active cells can be re-configured by SeNB 950 (the sameapplies for cells of MeNB 920).

Alternatively, a different UE capability can be applicable for operationwith DC, relative to operation with CA with a same number of cells, atleast in terms of a maximum number of PDCCH candidates a UE can decode.A UE capable of DC operation is required to support decoding for twelveadditional PDCCH candidates, corresponding to a CSS in a PSCell of aSeNB, relative to a UE supporting CA for communication over a samenumber of cells. Moreover, a UE with CA capability for N cells maydecode PDCCH for N+1 cells assuming, for example, that a same CAcapability for N cells is maintained in a SeNB and one cell in the MeNBis primarily used to provide low data rate signaling, such as RRCsignaling, and mobility support. A different UE design is then needed tosupport PDCCH decoding for DC and for CA.

MeNB 920 or SeNB 950 can also configure to UE 116 a different number ofPDCCH candidates for a respective CCE aggregation level in a SFdepending on knowledge of whether the SF is an UL one or a DL one in acell in a cell of SeNB 950. As described in FIG. 14, UE 116 can decode asmaller number of PDCCH candidates for a respective CCE aggregationlevel than a nominal one if N_(UE)<N_(DC). However, in UL SFs of a TDDcell of SeNB 950, UE 116 does not decode PDCCH and a respective numberof PDCCH candidates can be reallocated for PDCCH decoding either incells of SeNB 950 or in cells of MeNB 920. In order for MeNB 920 toutilize a capability of UE 116 to decode additional PDCCH candidates ina SF, MeNB 920 needs to know UL/DL configurations in respective TDDcells of SeNB 950. This information can be provided either by SeNB 950,either through backhaul link signaling or through physical layersignaling, or by UE 116 as it is subsequently discussed. For brevity, ifUE 116 decodes PDCCH candidates for scheduling in a cell in a SF, the SFis referred to as being of a second type for the cell; otherwise, the SFis referred to as being of a first type for the cell. For example, if aSF is an UL SF, or a DRX SF, or a measurement gap SF in a cell, it is afirst type SF. If it is a SF where UE 116 can receive PDCCH in the cell,it is a second type SF.

For a first type SF, MeNB 920 or SeNB 950 can configure to UE 116 afirst number of PDCCH candidates for a given CCE aggregation level perUE-DSS. For a second type SF, MeNB 920 or SeNB 950 can configure to UE116 a second number of PDCCH candidates for the given CCE aggregationlevel per UE-DSS, wherein the second number can be smaller than thefirst number. A SF type can be cell-specific, such as for a DL SF or anUL SF of a TDD cell, or UE-specific such as a DRX or a measurement gapSF. MeNB 920 or SeNB 950 can use a determination of a SF being of afirst type for UE 116 to improve a scheduling flexibility by usingadditional PDCCH candidates for a CCE aggregation level to reduce aPDCCH blocking probability in case CCEs for PDCCH candidatescorresponding to a second SF type are wholly or partially used fortransmitting other PDCCHs.

FIG. 15 illustrates a PDCCH decoding process for a UE according to a SFtype according to this disclosure. The embodiment of the PDCCH decodingprocess for a UE according to a SF type shown in FIG. 15 is forillustration only. Other embodiments could be used without departingfrom the scope of the present disclosure.

If a SF is of a first type 1510, MeNB 920 determines that UE 116 candecode six PDCCH candidates for an aggregation level of two CCEs. MeNB920 can transmit a PDCCH to UE 116 using CCEs corresponding to PDCCHCandidate#4 1520. If the SF is of a second type 1530, MeNB 920determines that UE 116 can decode four PDCCH candidates for anaggregation level of two CCEs, PDCCH Candidate#4 is not available forMeNB 920 to transmit a PDCCH to UE 116, and MeNB 920 uses PDCCHCandidate#1 1540 to transmit a PDCCH to UE 116.

Embodiment 5: Reducing Latency for Informing Changes in ConfigurationsBetween eNBs in DC and Adapting DC Operation to Configuration Changes

The fifth embodiment illustrates adaptations to parameters of DCoperation in response to variations of cell-specific or UE-specificconfigurations. For brevity, descriptions are with reference to a SeNBbut they are also applicable with reference to a MeNB. For adaptation ofcell-specific or UE-specific configurations occurring in a time-scalethat is smaller than or comparable to a latency of a backhaul linkbetween a MeNB and a SeNB, the disclosure considers means other than thebackhaul link for informing the MeNB of adaptations in the SeNB. Allfollowing descriptions are equally applicable to a PDSCH transmission toor a PUSCH transmission from UE 116, or if the roles of MeNB 920 andSeNB 950 are reversed.

In a first approach, SeNB 950 broadcasts signaling information for arespective adaptation of a configuration for a cell of SeNB 950 with atransmission power that is large enough for the signaling information tobe reliably received by MeNB 920. This assumes that MeNB 920 has areceiver tuned to parameters for DL transmissions in a cell of SeNB 950such as a DL carrier frequency, and so on.

In a second approach, a UE, such as UE 116, operating with DC with MeNB920 and SeNB 950 can serve as a relay and convey information to MeNB 920for an adaptation of a cell-specific or UE-specific configuration in oneor more cells of SeNB 950.

FIG. 16 illustrates a process for a UE to relay information to a MeNBfor a cell-specific or UE-specific adaptation of a configuration in oneor more cells of a SeNB according to this disclosure. The embodimentshown in FIG. 16 for the UE to relay information to the MeNB is forillustration only. Other embodiments could be used without departingfrom the scope of the present disclosure.

SeNB 950 transmits in one of its cells, such as a PSCell, signaling 1620that is received by UE 116 and provides information for an adaptation ofa configuration in one or more cells of SeNB 950. For example, thesignaling can be cell-specific broadcast signaling that is received bymultiple UEs or can be UE-specific and received only by UE 116. At asubsequent SF, UE 116 includes in a signaling transmission 1640 to MeNB920 the information for the adaptation of the configuration in the oneor more cells of SeNB 950. For example, the signaling can be in a PUSCHor in a PUCCH.

An example case for an adaptation of a configuration in a cell of SeNB950 that can be communicated by UE 116 to MeNB 920 is an adaptation ofan UL/DL configuration in a TDD cell of SeNB 950 (another example casecan be an activation or deactivation of cells for UE 116 in SeNB 950).An adaptation of an UL/DL configuration can start at a first SF of aframe and have a validity period (adaptation period) of an integernumber of frames, such as one, two, four, or eight frames. SeNB 950transmits signaling that informs UE 116 of an adapted UL/DLconfiguration. SeNB 950 can also inform MeNB 920 over a backhaul link ofparameters related to the adaptation of an UL/DL configuration in a TDDcell of SeNB 950. For example, such parameters can include each TDD cellof SeNB 950 that adapts an UL/DL configuration, or a respectiveadaptation periodicity of a UL/DL configuration, or of DL SFs withineach adaptation period where SeNB 950 transmits signaling informing ofan adapted UL/DL configuration in a respective cell, or of additionalparameters that are subsequently described.

UE 116 can provide information of an adapted UL/DL configuration in aTDD cell of SeNB 950 in a MAC control element or in a RRC messagetransmitted in a PUSCH or in a PUCCH to MeNB 920. For example, MeNB 920can configure UE 116 with a PUCCH resource for transmitting a PUCCHFormat 1b informing of an UL/DL configuration from four predeterminedUL/DL configurations. If UE 116 detects a signaling informing of anadapted UL/DL configuration in one or more TDD cells of SeNB 950 in DLSF n, UE 116 can provide this information to MeNB 920 in a first PUSCHtransmission or in a first PUCCH transmission in an UL SF at or after anUL SF n+k where, for example, k≥4 for PUSCH or k≥1 for PUCCH. All UEsthat can be aware of adapted UL/DL configurations in respective TDDcells of SeNB 950 can inform MeNB 920. Alternatively, MeNB 920 canconfigure a subset of such UEs to provide that information. Ifinformation for adapted UL/DL configurations in respective TDD cells ofSeNB 950 is not available to UE 116, for example due to an incorrectdetection of an associated signaling from SeNB 950, UE 116 can eitherindicate this to SeNB 950 in a PUSCH or skip an associated PUCCHtransmission.

FIG. 17 illustrates a process for a UE to inform a MeNB of an adaptationof a cell-specific configuration in one or more cells of a SeNBaccording to this disclosure. The embodiment shown in FIG. 17 for the UEto inform the MeNB of an adaptation of a cell-specific configuration inone or more cells of the SeNB is for illustration only. Otherembodiments could be used without departing from the scope of thepresent disclosure.

SeNB 950 transmits, for example in a PSCell, signaling informing of anadaptation of cell-specific configuration for one of more cells of SeNB950 in DL SFs 1702, 1704, 1706, and 1708. UE 116 detects the signalingin SF 1704. For example, UE 116 may be in DRX or may fail to detect thesignaling in SF 1702. UE 116 transmits PUSCH or PUCCH to MeNB 920 in oneor more of SFs 1710, 1712, and 1714. As SF 1710 occurs two SFs after SF1704, UE 116 cannot inform of the adapted cell-specific configuration ina PUSCH transmission in SF 1710 but can do so in a PUCCH transmission.As SF 1712 occurs six SFs after SF 1704, UE 116 can inform of theadapted cell-specific configuration in a PUSCH in SF 1712. As SF 1714occurs after a SF where UE 116 already informed of the cell-specificadapted UL/DL configuration, UE 116 does not need to again include suchinformation in a PUSCH. If MeNB 920 indicates to UE 116 that MeNB 920did not correctly receive a data TB that UE 116 transmits in a PUSCH inSF 1712, UE 116 can include the information for the adaptedcell-specific configuration in a retransmission of the same data TB.

MeNB 920 can use information for a current UL/DL configuration in a TDDcell of SeNB 950, regardless of whether or not the TDD cell of SeNB 950adapts an UL/DL configuration, to improve communication with UE 116.

MeNB 920 can apply a different scheduling strategy for PDSCHtransmissions from UE 116 in a SF depending on knowledge of whether theSF is an UL one or a DL one in a TDD cell of SeNB 950 (synchronousoperation at SF level is assumed between MeNB 920 and SeNB 950). Forexample, if MeNB 920 knows an UL/DL configuration of a TDD cell in SeNB950 and a first DL SF on MeNB 920 is an UL SF on the TDD cell of SeNB950, MeNB 920 can schedule a PDSCH transmission to UE 116 in the firstDL SF with a larger data TBS than in a second DL SF that is a DL SF onthe TDD cell of SeNB 950. This can apply even when link and systemconditions for UE 116, such as for example DL channel medium, SINR,buffer status for the scheduler of MeNB 920, are practically same in thefirst DL SF and the second DL SF. Similar, MeNB 920 can apply adifferent scheduling strategy for PUSCH transmissions. For example, if afirst UL SF on MeNB 920 is a DL SF on the TDD cell of SeNB 950, MeNB 920can schedule a PUSCH transmission to UE 116 in the first UL SF with alarger data TBS or larger power than in a second UL SF that is an UL SFin the TDD cell of SeNB 950.

FIG. 18 illustrates a scheduling of a PUSCH transmission from a UE by afirst eNB in a SF depending on knowledge by the first eNB of acommunication direction in the SF in a cell of a second eNB according tothis disclosure. The embodiment shown in FIG. 18 is for illustrationonly. Other embodiments could be used without departing from the scopeof the present disclosure.

A first eNB, such as MeNB 920, is informed of an UL/DL configuration ina TDD cell of a second eNB, such as SeNB 950. MeNB 920 can obtain thisinformation through a backhaul link or through physical layer signalingfrom SeNB 950 or through signaling from a UE, such as UE 116, as it waspreviously described. MeNB 920 can therefore know that in the TDD cellof SeNB 950, SF #3 1830 is a DL SF and SF #7 1832 is an UL SF. Based onthis knowledge, MeNB 920 can schedule UL transmissions such as PUSCHtransmissions from UE 116 with a total data TBS or a total power P₁ inSF #3 1840 that is larger than a total data TBS or a total power P₂ forUL transmissions such as PUSCH transmissions that MeNB 920 can schedulefrom UE 116 in SF#7 1842. Similar, MeNB 920 can transmit to UE 116 aPDSCH in SF #7 1832 that conveys a larger data TBS than a PDSCH in SF#1830. Regardless of synchronous or asynchronous dual connectivityoperation if, in SF i, transmissions from UE 116 to MeNB 920 do notoverlap with any transmissions from UE 116 to SeNB 950, UE 116 has anavailable power of P_(CMAX)(i) for transmissions to MeNB 920.

For asynchronous operation between MeNB 920 and SeNB 950, where an SF i,in MeNB 920 overlaps with SFs i₂−1 and i₂ in SeNB 950, and MeNB 920configures UE 116 with a first minimum power that UE 116 always hasavailable for transmissions to MeNB 920 and with a second minimum powerthat UE 116 always has available for transmissions to SeNB 950 (see alsoREF 9), if UE 116 determines based on a configuration by higher layersignaling, such as RRC signaling, that UE 116 does not transmit to SeNB950 in SF i₂, UE 116 does not need to reserve the second minimum powerfrom a power available for transmissions to MeNB 920 in SF i₁. Then, ifUE 116 does not transmit random access preambles (otherwise, UE 116first allocates power to random access preambles), UE 116 determines anavailable power P_(MeNB)(i₁) for transmitting to MeNB 920 in SF i₁ asthe difference between P_(CMAX)(i₁,i₂−1) and a power UE 116 uses totransmit to SeNB 950 in SF i₂−1, P_(SeNB_Tx)(i₂−1) UE 116 transmits toMeNB 920 in SF i₁ with a power P_(MeNB_Tx)(i₁) determined, in linearterms (denoting by {circumflex over (P)} the linear value of P), as theminimum between a respective nominal power {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB_nominal)(i_(i)) and the available power {circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB)(i₁)={circumflex over (P)}_(CMAX)(i₁,i₂−1)−{circumflex over(P)}_(SeNB_Tx)(i₂−1), or P_(MeNB_Tx)(i₁)=min({circumflex over(P)}_(MeNB_nominal) (i₁), {circumflex over(P)}_(CMAX)(i₁,i₂−1)−{circumflex over (P)}_(SeNB_Tx)(i₂−1)).

Although an adaptation of a MeNB 920 DL/UL scheduling strategy for UE116 in a SF was described depending on a knowledge by MeNB 920 ofwhether the SF is an UL one or a DL one in a TDD cell of SeNB 950, asame principle can apply for any SFs where MeNB 920 knows that UE 116can or cannot have UL transmissions to or DL receptions from SeNB 950.For example, MeNB 920 and SeNB 950 can independently configure UE 116respective DRX patterns. By exchanging the DRX patterns (cycles) over abackhaul link, MeNB 920 or SeNB 950 can follow a first UL/DL schedulingstrategy in SFs configured to UE 116 as DRX ones in SeNB 950 or MeNB 920and follow a second UL/DL scheduling strategy in SFs configured to UE116 as non-DRX ones in SeNB 950 or MeNB 920, respectively, even thoughan actual DRX pattern for UE 116 can differ from a configured DRXpattern, for example due to PDCCH detection failures by UE 116.

Similar, by exchanging configurations of measurement gap SFs for UE 116over a backhaul link, MeNB 920 or SeNB 950 can follow a first UL/DLscheduling strategy in SFs configured to UE 116 as measurement gap onesat SeNB 950 or MeNB 920 and follow a second UL/DL scheduling strategy inSFs configured to UE 116 as non-measurement gap ones at SeNB 950 or MeNB920, respectively. Similar, by exchanging patterns for SPS transmissionsto or from UE 116, MeNB 920 or SeNB 950 can follow a first UL/DLscheduling strategy in SFs configured to UE 116 for SPS PDSCH or for SPSPUSCH at SeNB 950 or MeNB 920 and follow a second UL/DL schedulingstrategy in SFs configured to UE 116 as ones without SPS PDSCH or SPSPUSCH at SeNB 950 or MeNB 920, respectively. Similar, if MeNB 920 orSeNB 950 can know a number of activated cells for UE 116 in SeNB 950 orMeNB 920, MeNB 920 or SeNB 950 can use this information to predict UL/DLdata traffic to UE 116 and adjust UL/DL scheduling such as an UL/DL dataTBS, or adjust a transmission power from UE 116 (both can become smalleras a number of activated cells for UE 116 increases), and so on.

UE 116 can also use a different antenna or use all antennas to transmitto, for example SeNB 950, in SFs where UE 116 does not transmit to MeNB920. For example, if UE 116 is equipped with two transmitter antennas,UE 116 can use a first antenna to transmit to MeNB 920 and use a secondantenna to transmit to SeNB 950 in a SF where UE 116 transmits to bothMeNB 920 and SeNB 950. In a SF where UE 116 transmits only to SeNB 950,UE can use the first antenna (possibly after re-tuning to the SeNB 950frequency in case of separate carrier frequencies for MeNB 920 and SeNB950) instead of the second antenna or use both the first and secondantennas to transmit to SeNB 950. This can be beneficial when, forexample, the second antenna has a lower effective transmission powerthan the first antenna due to an antenna gain imbalance as, for example,when the first antenna is external and the second antenna is internal.UE 116 can use the first antenna to transmit to MeNB 920 in order tomaintain coverage and a RRC connection to MeNB 920 (this can be eitherindependently determined by UE 116 or configured by MeNB 920) while UE116 can use the first antenna to transmit to SeNB 950 in SFs it does nottransmit to MeNB 920 in order to conserve battery power.

Due to independent schedulers at MeNB 920 and SeNB 950, if a SF is a DLSF or an UL SF, it is possible that UE 116 is scheduled PDSCHtransmissions or PUSCH transmissions, respectively, from both MeNB 920and SeNB 950 and a UE 116 receiver (DL-SCH TB bits) or transmitter(UL-SCH TB bits) capability, respectively, for processing a data TBSneeds to be partitioned between MeNB 920 and SeNB 950. This partitioningcan be exchanged between MeNB 920 and SeNB 950 through a backhaul link,or can be independently assumed by MeNB 920 and SeNB 950 (including nopartitioning), or can be determined by other metrics. A specific methodis not material to this disclosure.

SeNB 950 can determine a processing capability per cell for UE 116depending on an adaptation of a number of activated cells or configuredcells for UE 116 in SeNB 950. For example, the processing capability forUE 116 can include a maximum TBS for PDSCH reception (DL-SCH TB bits) orfor PUSCH transmission (UL-SCH TB bits) in a cell, a number of PDCCHcandidates for a UE-DSS in a cell, and so on. If SeNB 950 adapts a firstnumber of activated cells A_(SeNB,1) for UE 116 to a second number ofactivated cells A_(SeNB,2) and UE 116 has a total processing capabilityin SeNB 950 of T_(SeNB), where T_(SeNB) is smaller than or equal to atotal capability of UE 116 and T_(SeNB) may or may not be configured toSeNB 950 by MeNB 920, SeNB 950 can adapt a maximum processing capabilityfor UE 116 per active cell from T_(SeNB)/A_(SeNB,1) toT_(SeNB)/A_(SeNB,2) if a maximum processing capability is same for allcells. If activated cells can use BW with different sizes then, forPDSCH receptions or for PUSCH transmissions, a maximum processingcapability for UE 116 can be scaled according to a BW size of a cell andSeNB 950 can adapt a maximum processing capability per active cell from

${T_{SeNB}/\underset{i = 0}{\overset{A_{{S{eNB}},1}}{\Sigma}}}{BW}_{i}\mspace{14mu}{to}\mspace{14mu}{T_{SeNB}/\underset{i = 0}{\overset{A_{{SeNB},2}}{\Sigma}}}{BW}_{i}$

where BW_(i) is a BW for cell i. Alternatively, SeNB 950 can adapt a UE116 processing capability according to a number of configured cellsinstead of a number of activated cells.

MeNB 920 or SeNB 950 can indicate to UE 116 a processing capability peractive cell together with an indication of active cells, among a set ofconfigured cells. In response to the indication, UE 116 can determine apartitioning for its soft buffer to cells of MeNB 920 or cells of SeNB950.

FIG. 19 illustrates an adjustment of a processing capability per activecell for a UE depending on a variation of a number of active cells in aneNB according to this disclosure. While the flow chart depicts a seriesof sequential steps, unless explicitly stated, no inference should bedrawn from the sequence regarding specific order of performance,performance of steps or portions thereof serially rather thanconcurrently on in an overlapping manner, or performance of the stepsdepicted exclusively without the occurrence of interleaving orintermediate steps. The process depicted in the example depicted isimplemented by processing circuitry in a transmitter chain or receiverchain in, for example, a UE.

UE 116 is signaled by SeNB 950 a number of A_(SeNB,1) active cells froma number of configured cells in block 1910. UE 116 is also signaled orindependently determines, based on A_(SeNB,1) and a total processingcapability UE 116 considers for SeNB 950, a processing capability forPDSCH receptions or PUSCH transmissions in the A_(SeNB,1) cells in block1920. UE 116 is signaled by SeNB 950 a number of A_(SeNB,2) active cellsfrom a number of configured cells in block 1930. UE 116 is also signaledor independently determines, based on A_(SeNB,2) and a total processingcapability UE 116 considers for SeNB 950, a processing capability forPDSCH receptions or PUSCH transmissions in A_(SeNB,2) cells in block1940. A processing capability of UE 116 in an active cell is differentwhen a number of active cells is A_(SeNB,1) than when it is A_(SeNB,2)(for A_(SeNB,1)≠A_(SeNB,2)).

Embodiment 6: Partitioning a UE Capability for a Maximum Number ofDL-SCH TB Bits or a Maximum Number of UL-SCH TB Bits in DC

The sixth embodiment illustrates that SeNB 950 informs MeNB 920 of anominal UL/DL configuration and of a DL-reference UL/DL configurationfor a TDD cell of SeNB 950. Upon receiving this information, MeNB 920can determine DL fixed SFs and UL fixed SFs in the TDD cell of SeNB 950.It is assumed that MeNB 920 is not explicitly informed of an adaptedUL/DL configuration in the TDD cell of SeNB 950. The present embodimentis agnostic to whether or not, for UE 116 configured for operation withDC, a partitioning of a maximum number of DL-SCH TB bits or of a maximumnumber of UL-SCH TB bits for UE 116 between MeNB 920 and SeNB 950 issuch that a respective capability for UE 116 can be exceeded.

MeNB 920 can adjust a maximum number of DL-SCH TB bits transmitted to UE116 or a maximum number of UL-SCH TB bits transmitted from UE 116 toMeNB 920 according to a SF direction (DL/special or UL) in cells of SeNB950. If the SF is a DL fixed SF, the MeNB 920 scheduler can account fora likelihood that the SeNB 950 scheduler assigns transmissions ofDL-SCHs to UE 116 and then schedule a smaller number of DL-SCH TB bitsfor UE 116 to receive and a larger number of UL-SCH TB bits for UE 116to transmit in cells of MeNB 920. If the SF is an UL fixed SF, the MeNB920 scheduler can account for a likelihood that the SeNB 950 schedulerassigns transmissions of UL-SCHs to UE 116 and schedule a smaller numberof UL-SCH TB bits for UE 116 to receive and a larger number of DL-SCH TBbits for UE 116 to transmit in cells of MeNB 920. For asynchronous DCoperation, the MeNB 103 scheduler can consider two overlapping SFs inSeNB 950.

FIG. 20 illustrates a procedure for a MeNB scheduler to determine anumber of DL-SCH TB bits for a UE to receive or a number of UL-SCH bitsfor a UE to transmit in cells of the MeNB based on a nominal UL/DLconfiguration or based on a DL-reference configuration if the UE isconfigured in a TDD cell of a SeNB for operation with an adapted UL/DLconfiguration according to this disclosure. While the flow chart depictsa series of sequential steps, unless explicitly stated, no inferenceshould be drawn from the sequence regarding specific order ofperformance, performance of steps or portions thereof serially ratherthan concurrently on in an overlapping manner, or performance of thesteps depicted exclusively without the occurrence of interleaving orintermediate steps. The process depicted in the example depicted isimplemented by processing circuitry in a transmitter or receiver chainin, for example, an eNB.

SeNB 950 signals over a backhaul link to MeNB 920 configurationparameters for operation of UE 116 with an adapted UL/DL configurationin a TDD cell of SeNB 950 including a DL-reference UL/DL configurationand a nominal UL/DL configuration in block 2010 that MeNB 920subsequently configures to UE 116, in block 2020. Based on theDL-reference configuration or on the nominal UL/DL configuration, theMeNB 920 scheduler determines SFs where UE 116 is likely to have PUCCHor PUSCH transmissions or PDSCH receptions in block 2030 in the TDD cellof SeNB 950. Based on this determination, the MeNB 920 scheduler canadjust a number of UL-SCH TB bits transmitted from UE 116 or a number ofDL-SCH bits transmitted to UE 116 in cells of MeNB 920 in the SFs inblock 2040.

SeNB 950 can also inform MeNB 920 of a first SF set and of a second SFset that are configured to UE 116 for CSI measurements in a cell of SeNB950. For example, the first SF set can include SFs where UE 116experiences DL-dominant interference and the second SF set can includeSFs where UE 116 experiences UL-dominant interference. As DL-dominantinterference is typically larger than UL-dominant interference, SeNB 950is likely to schedule UE 116 with a larger number of DL-SCH TB bits in aSF from the second SF set than in a SF from the first SF set. The MeNB920 scheduler can account for this likelihood and can schedule to UE 116a smaller number of DL-SCH TB bits in a DL SF from the second set of DLSFs and a larger number of DL-SCH bits in a DL SF from the first SF setof DL SFs.

An existence of a first SF set and of a second SF set can apply ingeneral when UE 116 can experience different interference conditions indifferent SFs and is not limited only to operation with an adapted UL/DLconfiguration in a TDD cell. For example, in order to supportinterference coordination, MeNB 920 can reduce, including setting tozero, a transmission power in a macro-cell in some SFs so that areception reliability of signals transmitted from small cells can beimproved. Such SFs are referred to as Almost Blank SFs (ABS). In an ABS,MeNB 920 may transmit only CRS with its nominal power while othersignaling is transmitted with reduced power, including zero power. MeNB920 informs a set of ABS SFs for each respective cell and period offrames to UE 116. MeNB 920 can also provide this information to SeNB 950and, as MeNB 920 transmits with reduced power (including notransmission) in ABS, the SeNB 950 scheduler can assign a larger numberof DL-SCH TB bits to UE 116 in a SF that is an ABS in MeNB 920 and canassign a smaller number of DL-SCH TB bits to UE 116 in a SF that is anon-ABS in MeNB 920. Also UE 116 can apply a different partitioning forits soft buffer between MeNB 920 and SeNB 950 depending on an ABSconfiguration in one or more cells of MeNB 920 or in one or more cellsof SeNB 950.

FIG. 21 illustrates a procedure for a MeNB scheduler to determine anumber of DL-SCH TB bits to transmit to a UE in cells of the MeNB basedon a first SF set and on a second SF set configured for CSI measurementto the UE in a SeNB according to this disclosure. While the flow chartdepicts a series of sequential steps, unless explicitly stated, noinference should be drawn from the sequence regarding specific order ofperformance, performance of steps or portions thereof serially ratherthan concurrently on in an overlapping manner, or performance of thesteps depicted exclusively without the occurrence of interleaving orintermediate steps. The process depicted in the example depicted isimplemented by processing circuitry in a transmitter chain in, forexample, an eNB.

SeNB 950 signals over a backhaul link to MeNB 920 a first SF set forfirst CSI measurements and a second SF set for second CSI measurementsin block 2110. MeNB 920 configures to UE 116 the first and second SFsets for respective first and second CSI measurements in block 2120. TheMeNB 920 scheduler uses a first number of DL-SCH bits in a first SF fromthe first SF set and uses a second number of DL-SCH TB bits in a secondSF from the second SF set in block 2130 even when a link and systemconditions are same for UE 116 in the first SF and in the second SF.

SeNB 950 can also inform MeNB 920 of a first SF set for a first UL PCprocess and of a second SF set for a second UL PC process that areconfigured to UE 116. For example, the first SF set can include SFswhere UE 116 experiences DL-dominant interference and the second SF setcan include SFs where UE 116 experiences UL-dominant interference. AsDL-dominant interference is typically larger than UL-dominantinterference, SeNB 950 is likely to schedule UE 116 with a larger numberof UL-SCH TB bits in a SF from the second SF set than in a SF from thefirst SF set. The MeNB 920 scheduler can account for this likelihood andcan schedule to UE 116 a smaller number of UL-SCH TB bits in an UL SFfrom the second set of UL SFs and a larger number of UL-SCH bits in anDL SF from the first SF set of UL SFs

A partitioning of a maximum DL-SCH TB bits or of a maximum UL-SCH TBbits between MeNB 920 and SeNB 950 can also vary in time and depend onthe SF.

In first case, as it was described in the fifth embodiment of thisdisclosure, the MeNB 920 scheduler can schedule UE 116 with a largernumber of DL-SCH TB bits in SFs that are UL SFs in a nominal UL/DLconfiguration than in SFs that are DL SFs (or special SFs). Similar, theMeNB 920 scheduler can schedule UE 116 with a larger number of UL-SCH TBbits in SFs that are DL SFs (or special SFs) in the nominal UL/DLconfiguration than in SFs that are UL SFs. For example, underpractically identical link or system operating conditions, MeNB 920 canschedule UE 116 with a maximum number of DL-SCH TB bits (according to arespective capability for UE 116) in SFs that are UL SFs in a nominalUL/DL configuration and with a number of DL-SCH TB bits that is smallerthan the maximum one in SFs that are DL SFs.

In a second case, SeNB 950 informs MeNB 920 of a DL-reference UL/DLconfiguration for a TDD cell of SeNB 950 that operates with an adaptedUL/DL configuration. As for the first case, the MeNB 920 scheduler canschedule UE 116 with a larger number of DL-SCH TB bits in SFs that areUL SFs in the DL-reference UL/DL configuration than in SFs that are DLSFs (or special SFs). Similar, the MeNB 920 scheduler can schedule UE116 with a larger number of UL-SCH TB bits in SFs that are DL SFs (orspecial SFs) in the DL-reference UL/DL configuration than in SFs thatare UL SFs. In either case, same operational conditions can be otherwiseassumed.

In a third case, SeNB 950 can signal to MeNB 920 a bitmap of SFs whereSeNB 950 is likely to schedule UE 116 with a larger number of DL-SCH TBbits (or smaller number of DL-SCH TB bits), such as SFs where UE 116experiences reduced interference (or increased interference) for DLtransmissions. For example, a bitmap value for SFs associated with thelarger number of DL-SCH TB bits can be ‘0’ and a bitmap value for SFsassociated with the smaller number of DL-SCH TB bits can be ‘1’ (or thereverse). MeNB 920 can schedule UE 116 with a larger number DL-SCH TBbits in SFs with respective bitmap value of ‘1’ than in SFs withrespective bitmap value of ‘0’. Also, MeNB 920 can allocate to SeNB 950a third and a fourth maximum number of DL-SCH TB bits for scheduling inSFs with respective bitmap value of ‘1’ and ‘0’, respectively, where thethird maximum number is larger than the fourth maximum number. MeNB 920can also provide the above signaling to UE 116 by RRC signaling.

In a fourth case, MeNB 920 can signal to SeNB 950 a bitmap of SFs whereMeNB 920 is likely to schedule UE 116 with a larger number of DL-SCH TBbits, such as non-ABS SFs. For a FDD cell two bitmaps can be signaled, afirst for DL SFs and a second for UL SFs. For example, a bitmap valuefor SFs associated with the larger number of DL-SCH TB bits can be ‘0’and a bitmap value for SFs associated with the smaller number of DL-SCHTB bits can be ‘1’ (or the reverse). SeNB 950 can schedule UE 116 with alarger number DL-SCH TB bits in SFs with respective bitmap value of ‘1’than in SFs with respective bitmap value of ‘0’. MeNB 920 can alsoprovide the above signaling to UE 116 by RRC signaling.

In general, regardless of the conditions motivating scheduling with alarger or smaller number of DL-SCH (or UL-SCH) TB bits in a first SFthan in a second SF, SeNB 950 or MeNB 920 can inform MeNB 920 or SeNB950, respectively, of a first SF subset in a SF set where MeNB 920 orSeNB 950 can schedule a larger number of DL-SCH or UL-SCH TB bits.Remaining SFs in the SF set constitute a second SF subset where MeNB 920or SeNB 950 can schedule a smaller number of DL-SCH or UL-SCH TB bits(including no scheduling). MeNB 920 can assign a first and a secondmaximum DL-SCH TB bits or UL-SCH TB bits to SeNB 950 for scheduling inthe first SF subset and in the second SF subset, respectively. MeNB 920can also provide this information to UE 116 by RRC signaling. The firstand second SF subsets can be explicitly signaled or be implicitlydetermined from other signaling such as a bitmap indicating ABS andnon-ABS for MeNB 920 or SeNB 950 or a UL/DL configuration for each TDDcell of MeNB 920 or SeNB 950, respectively, and so on as it waspreviously described.

Embodiment 7: Partitioning a UE Soft Buffer Between a MeNB and a SeNB

The seventh embodiment illustrates a partitioning of a soft buffer forUE 116 configured for operation with DC between MeNB 920 and SeNB 950.The soft buffer partitioning can depend on a number of DL HARQ processesUE 116 needs to support at MeNB 920 and on a number of DL HARQ processesUE 116 needs to support at SeNB 950. The soft buffer partitioning canalso depend on a number of configured cells or activated cells for UE116 in MeNB 920 and in SeNB 950 and on a configured TM for PDSCHtransmissions in each cell. MeNB 920 can assign a percentage for thesoft buffer of UE 116 to the SeNB 950 through signaling in the backhaullink. The soft buffer partitioning can also depend on first and secondSF subsets from a SF set.

For DL scheduling of UE 116 in a TDD cell of SeNB 950, a number of DLHARQ processes can vary depending on an UL/DL configuration in the TDDcell. If UE 116 is configured for operation with an adaptive UL/DLconfiguration in the TDD cell, due to a backhaul link signaling latencybetween MeNB 920 and SeNB 950 that can be comparable to or larger than avalidity period of an adapted UL/DL configuration, MeNB 920 can onlyknow a maximum number of DL HARQ processes for UE 116 in the TDD cellsas this is determined for a respective DL-reference UL/DL configuration(since a maximum possible number of DL SFs, including special SFs, in anadapted UL/DL configuration is the one of the DL-reference UL/DLconfiguration). An actual number of DL HARQ processes, as determined bythe adapted UL/DL configuration, can be smaller than the maximum one.MeNB 920 can then schedule PDSCH transmissions to UE 116 by consideringa soft buffer partitioning at UE 116 based on the maximum number of DLHARQ processes for UE 116 in the TDD cell of SeNB 950 as theDL-reference UL/DL configuration is signaled from SeNB 950 to MeNB 920.If UE 116 is not configured for operation with an adaptive UL/DLconfiguration in the TDD cell, MeNB 920 can schedule PDSCH transmissionsto UE 116 by considering a soft buffer partitioning at UE 116 based onthe actual number of DL HARQ processes for UE 116 in the TDD cell ofSeNB 950.

From Table 3, a number of DL HARQ processes depends on an UL/DLconfiguration. Moreover, DL-reference UL/DL configurations that can beused for operation with an adaptive UL/DL configuration are limited toUL/DL configurations 2, 4, and 5 in Table 2 and a respective maximumnumber of DL HARQ processes is larger than 8 but a soft bufferpartitioning is based on at most 8 DL HARQ processes (see also REF 3).

In order to facilitate statistical soft buffer management at UE 116 andminimize a probability of DL HARQ blocking, UE 116 considers the numberof DL HARQ processes in the TDD cell of SeNB 950 for a soft bufferpartitioning. Moreover, MeNB 920 and SeNB 950 also consider the numberof DL HARQ processes in the TDD cell of SeNB 950 in the DL schedulingfor UE 116. UE 116 assigns a larger percentage of its soft buffer for DLscheduling in the TDD cells of SeNB 950 when a respective UL/DLconfiguration supports a larger number of DL HARQ processes and the MeNB920 scheduler can assume availability of a smaller percentage of the UE116 soft buffer for PDSCH transmissions to UE 116 and can thereforereduce respective data TBS or a used number of DL HARQ processes. WhenUE 116 operates with an adapted UL/DL configuration in the TDD cell ofSeNB 950, the MeNB 920 scheduler can assume availability of a smallerpercentage of the UE 116 soft buffer for PDSCH transmissions to UE 116when a DL-reference UL/DL configuration has a larger maximum number ofDL HARQ processes even though the soft buffer partitioning is based on 8DL HARQ processes. For example, when the DL-reference UL/DLconfiguration in the TDD cell of SeNB 950 is UL/DL configuration 5(having a maximum of 15 DL HARQ processes), the MeNB 920 scheduler canassume availability of a smaller percentage of the UE 116 soft bufferfor PDSCH transmissions to UE 116 than when the DL-reference UL/DLconfiguration in the TDD cell of SeNB 950 is UL/DL configuration 2(having a maximum of 10 DL HARQ processes).

FIG. 22 illustrates a procedure for a MeNB, a SeNB, and a UE to decidethe UE soft buffer partitioning between the MeNB and the SeNB accordingto this disclosure. While the flow chart depicts a series of sequentialsteps, unless explicitly stated, no inference should be drawn from thesequence regarding specific order of performance, performance of stepsor portions thereof serially rather than concurrently on in anoverlapping manner, or performance of the steps depicted exclusivelywithout the occurrence of interleaving or intermediate steps. Theprocess depicted in the example depicted is implemented by processingcircuitry in a transmitter chain in, for example, an eNB or in areceiver chain in, for example, a UE.

SeNB 950 signals over a backhaul link to MeNB 920 a nominal UL/DLconfiguration for a TDD cell of SeNB 950 or a DL-reference UL/DLconfiguration when the TDD cell uses an adapted UL/DL configuration tocommunicate with UE 116 in block 2210. Based on a number of DL HARQprocesses for the nominal UL/DL configuration or for the DL-referenceUL/DL configuration in the TDD cell, MeNB 920 and SeNB 950 determine,respectively, a percentage of the soft buffer for UE 116 to use fortransmissions of DL-SCH TB bits to UE 116, in block 2220. Also, based ona number of DL HARQ processes for an UL/DL configuration UE 116considers for scheduling in the TDD cell, UE 116 determines a percentageof its soft buffer to assign for DL-SCH TB bits from MeNB 920 or fromSeNB 950, in block 2230. For example, the UL/DL configuration can be thenominal UL/DL configuration or an adapted UL/DL configuration.

Although a soft buffer partitioning for UE 116 was described withreference to an UL/DL configuration of a TDD cell of SeNB 950, sameprinciples apply for a number of activated cells or configured cells atMeNB 920 or SeNB 950. For example, for a same DL BW of cells, a softbuffer partitioning for UE 116 between MeNB 920 and SeNB 950 can beproportional to a number of activated cells or configured cells for UE116 in MeNB 920 and SeNB 950. Moreover, during DRX SFs or measurementgap SFs of UE 116 for MeNB 920 or SeNB 950, UE 116 can assign its entiresoft buffer for DL-SCH TB bits from SeNB 950 or MeNB 920, respectively.

A target BLock Error Rate (BLER) for transmissions of DL-SCH TBs to UE116 from MeNB 920 or from SeNB 950 can also be exchanged between MeNB920 and SeNB 950 through a backhaul link as it can affect an efficiencyof statistical soft buffer management. For example, a higher target BLERfor an initial transmission of a data TB increases the likelihood forHARQ retransmissions and requires a larger percentage of the soft bufferfor UE 116 in order to reduce HARQ blocking. The target BLER for DL-SCHTBs from MeNB 920 or from SeNB 950 can also be informed to UE 116 thatcan then consider respective target BLERs in its soft buffer allocationfor DL-SCH TBs from MeNB 920 or for DL-SCH TBs from SeNB 950.

Embodiment 8: Partitioning of Maximum UE Transmission Power Between aMeNB and a SeNB

The eighth embodiment illustrates a partitioning of a maximum UEtransmission power between a MeNB, such as MeNB 920, and a SeNB, such asSeNB 950, when the UE, such as UE 116, is configured with a first SF setwhere UE 116 applies a first UL PC process and with a second SF setwhere UE 116 applies a second UL PC process.

Due to the first and second UL PC processes in respective first andsecond SF sets, a partitioning of P_(CMAX)(i) in SF i between MeNB 920and SeNB 950 can vary depending on the SF set where SF i belongs. Forthe first SF set, MeNB 920 can allocate to UE 116 and to SeNB 950 afirst minimum available power, P_(SeNB,1), for transmissions to SeNB950. For the second SF set, MeNB 920 can allocate to UE 116 and to SeNB950 a second minimum available power, P_(SeNB,2), for transmissions toSeNB 950. Further, in determining P_(SeNB,1) and P_(SeNB,2) MeNB 920 canuse an information from SeNB 950 of respective UL PC parameters for ULtransmissions in the first SF set and in the second SF set.

FIG. 23 illustrates a method for a MeNB to allocate to a UE and to aSeNB a first minimum available power and a second minimum availablepower for transmissions to SeNB in a first SF set and in a second SFset, respectively, according to this disclosure. While the flow chartdepicts a series of sequential steps, unless explicitly stated, noinference should be drawn from the sequence regarding specific order ofperformance, performance of steps or portions thereof serially ratherthan concurrently on in an overlapping manner, or performance of thesteps depicted exclusively without the occurrence of interleaving orintermediate steps. The process depicted in the example depicted isimplemented by processing circuitry in a transmitter chain in, forexample, a UE.

SeNB 950 signals to MeNB 920, through a backhaul link, parameters for afirst UL PC process, parameters for a second UL PC process, andrespective first SF set and second SF set in block 2310. UE 116 isconfigured the first SF set, the second SF set, the parameters for firstUL PC process for UL transmissions in first SF set, and parameters forsecond UL PC process for UL transmissions in second SF set in block2320. Based on this information, MeNB 920 allocates to UE 116 and toSeNB 950 a first minimum guaranteed power and a second minimumguaranteed power, P_(SeNB,1) and P_(SeNB,2) respectively, for ULtransmissions from UE 116 to SeNB 950 in the first SF set and in thesecond SF set, respectively in block 2330.

If UE 116 experiences significantly larger DL interference in the secondSF set than in the first SF set, a required transmission power in a SFfrom the second SF set can be significantly larger than a requiredtransmission power in a SF from the first SF set. To avoid a significantreduction in an available power that UE 116 has for transmissions toMeNB 920 in a SF from the second SF set, either SeNB 950 can suspendscheduling transmissions from UE 116 in the SF or MeNB 920 can reject arequest for allocating to SeNB 950 a minimum guaranteed power P_(SeNB,2)in the second SF set.

When UE 116 is configured for operation with an adapted UL/DLconfiguration in a TDD cell of SeNB 950, a DL-reference UL/DLconfiguration for PUCCH transmissions by UE 116 creates a third type ofSFs where UE 116 can transmit PUCCH and a fourth type of SFs where UE116 does not transmit PUCCH. Then UE 116 needs to report both Type 1 PHRand Type 2 PHR. As Type 1 PHR is applicable for SFs where UE 116 cantransmit only PUSCH while Type 2 is applicable for SFs where UE 116 cantransmit both PUSCH and PUCCH, a PHR for transmissions in SeNB 950 forthe third set of SFs can correspond to transmission of both PUSCH andPUCCH and a PHR for the fourth set of SFs can correspond to transmissionof only PUSCH by UE 116. Type 1 PHR and Type 2 PHR can correspond toactual or to virtual PUSCH/PUCCH transmissions (actual PHR or virtualPHR, respectively).

Although the present disclosure has been described with exampleembodiments, various changes and modifications may be suggested to oneskilled in the art. It is intended that the present disclosure encompasssuch changes and modifications that fall within the scope of theappended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: receiving, by a master node from a secondary node, a request for a first number of physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) candidates; and transmitting, from the master node to the secondary node, an assignment for a second number of PDCCH candidates.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the PDCCH candidates are for scheduling a user equipment (UE) on the secondary node, and the UE operates in dual connectivity with the master node and the secondary node.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting, from the master node to the secondary node, a configuration for a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, by the master node from the secondary node, a configuration for a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein: a first discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle is configured by the master node to a user equipment (UE), a second DRX cycle is configured by the secondary node to the UE, and the UE operates in dual connectivity with the master node and the secondary node.
 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, by a master node from a secondary node, a request for a first power; and transmitting, from the master node to the secondary node, an assignment for a second power.
 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting, from the master node to the secondary node, a configuration for measurement gaps.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein: the measurement gaps are configured to a user equipment (UE) on the master node, and the UE operates in dual connectivity with the master node and the secondary node.
 9. A network node, comprising: a receiver configured to receive a request for a first number of physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) candidates; and a transmitter configured to transmit an assignment for a second number of PDCCH candidates.
 10. The network node of claim 9, wherein: the network node is a master node, and the master node communicates with a secondary node.
 11. The network node claim 10, wherein: the transmitter is further configured to transmit a configuration for a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle.
 12. The network node claim 10, wherein: the receiver is further configured to receive a configuration for a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle.
 13. The network node claim 10, wherein: the receiver is further configured to receive a request for a first power, and the transmitter is further configured to transmit an assignment for a second power.
 14. The network node claim 10, wherein: the transmitter is further configured to transmit a configuration for measurement gaps.
 15. A network node, comprising: a transmitter configured to transmit a request for a first number of physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) candidates; and a receiver configured to receive an assignment for a second number of PDCCH candidates.
 16. The network node of claim 15, wherein: the network node is a secondary node, and the secondary node communicates with a master node.
 17. The network node claim 15, wherein: the receiver is further configured to receive a configuration for a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle.
 18. The network node claim 15, wherein: the transmitter is further configured to transmit a configuration for a discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle.
 19. The network node claim 15, wherein: the transmitter is further configured to transmit a request for a first power, and the receiver is further configured to receive an assignment for a second power.
 20. The network node claim 15, wherein: the receiver is further configured to receive a configuration for measurement gaps. 